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Furthermore, it is corrosion-resistant, exhibits superconductivity properties, and forms dielectric oxide layers. Niobium is slightly less electropositive and more compact than its predecessor in the periodic table, zirconium, whereas it is virtually identical in size to the heavier tantalum atoms, as a result of the lanthanide contraction. [40]
Nb-Hf-Ti is an alloy powder consisting of niobium (Nb), hafnium (Hf), and a small amount of titanium (Ti) provides high strength, ductility, high-temperature stability, and remarkable corrosion resistance. [7] It is used in manufacturing biocompatible implants and devices such as orthopedic implants and dental prosthetics. [8]
Niobium carbide (Nb C and Nb 2 C) is an extremely hard refractory ceramic material, commercially used in tool bits for cutting tools. It is usually processed by sintering and is a frequent additive as grain growth inhibitor in cemented carbides. It has the appearance of a brown-gray metallic powder with purple lustre. It is highly corrosion ...
Molybdenum is used in mercury wetted reed relays, because molybdenum does not form amalgams and is therefore resistant to corrosion by liquid mercury. [12] [13] Molybdenum is the most commonly used of the refractory metals. Its most important use is as a strengthening alloy of steel.
High-strength low-alloy steel (HSLA) is a type of alloy steel that provides better mechanical properties or greater resistance to corrosion than carbon steel. HSLA steels vary from other steels in that they are not made to meet a specific chemical composition but rather specific mechanical properties.
Oxidation or corrosion resistance is provided by elements such as aluminium and chromium. Superalloys are often cast as a single crystal in order to eliminate grain boundaries, which decrease creep resistance (even though they may provide strength at low temperatures). The primary application for such alloys is in aerospace and marine turbine ...
Small amounts of niobium are added to stainless steel to improve its quality. Niobium alloys are also used in rocket nozzles because of niobium's high corrosion resistance. [19] Tantalum has four main types of applications.
Increases corrosion resistance Niobium — Stabilizes microstructure Silicon: 0.2–0.7 Increases strength 2.0 Spring steels Higher percentages Improves magnetic properties Sulfur: 0.08–0.15 Free-machining properties Titanium — Fixes carbon in inert particles; reduces martensitic hardness in chromium steels Tungsten —