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  2. Purge of the French Civil Service (1879–1884) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purge_of_the_French_Civil...

    Jules Grévy reading Marshal de Mac Mahon's letter of resignation from the Chamber of Deputies, January 30, 1879. In response to mounting pressure from the lower chamber, Jules Dufaure 's government initiated the formulation of new measures aimed at further political cleansing.

  3. Protected persons - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_persons

    Medical personnel during an armed conflict carry out humanitarian work and are "protected persons" under international humanitarian law. Whether military or civilian, they are considered non-combatants and may not be attacked and not be taken as prisoners of war by parties to a conflict.

  4. Exemption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exemption

    Exemption may refer to: . Tax exemption, which allows a certain amount of income or other value to be legally excluded to avoid or reduce taxation; Exemption (Catholic canon law), an exemption in the Roman Catholic Church, that is the whole or partial release of an ecclesiastical person, corporation, or institution from the authority of the ecclesiastical superior next higher in rank

  5. California Public Records Act - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Public_Records_Act

    The California Public Records Act (Statutes of 1968, Chapter 1473; currently codified as Division 10 of Title 1 of the California Government Code) [1] was a law passed by the California State Legislature and signed by governor Ronald Reagan in 1968 requiring inspection or disclosure of governmental records to the public upon request, unless exempted by law.

  6. Tax exemption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_exemption

    Tax exemption generally refers to a statutory exception to a general rule rather than the mere absence of taxation in particular circumstances, otherwise known as an exclusion. Tax exemption also refers to removal from taxation of a particular item rather than a deduction. International duty free shopping may be termed "tax-free shopping". In ...

  7. Posse Comitatus Act - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posse_Comitatus_Act

    The Posse Comitatus Act is a United States federal law (18 U.S.C. § 1385, original at 20 Stat. 152) signed on June 18, 1878, by President Rutherford B. Hayes that limits the powers of the federal government in the use of federal military personnel to enforce domestic policies within the United States.

  8. Exemption from military service in Israel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exemption_from_military...

    Accordance with section 36 of the Security Service Law, the security minister may exempt certain people from an army service in the IDF, for reasons related to the volume of the military forces or reserve forces, or for reasons related to educational needs, settlement needs, security needs, economy needs, family needs and various other reasons.

  9. Ignorantia juris non excusat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignorantia_juris_non_excusat

    In law, ignorantia juris non excusat (Latin for "ignorance of the law excuses not"), [1] or ignorantia legis neminem excusat ("ignorance of law excuses no one"), [2] is a legal principle holding that a person who is unaware of a law may not escape liability for violating that law merely by being unaware of its content.