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The Summa Theologiae or Summa Theologica (transl. 'Summary of Theology'), often referred to simply as the Summa, is the best-known work of Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), a scholastic theologian and Doctor of the Church.
The chapters of the Compendium are usually no longer than a few paragraphs, as Aquinas aimed at brevity rather than the thorough style of the Summa Theologica. Even if the Doctor's death is usually taken as the cause for its incompletion, the first part seems to have been composed as early as in the 1265-1267 time span, soon after finishing his ...
Thomas Aquinas discussed merit extensively in his early Commentary on the Sentences and in his mature Summa Theologica. In both texts, Aquinas views human life as a "journey" which starts with the conversion from sin to grace and ends in the beatific vision, a process marked by the good actions which make the soul closer to God and hold the ...
The Summa contra Gentiles [a] is one of the best-known treatises by Thomas Aquinas, written as four books between 1259 and 1265. Whereas the Summa Theologiæ was written to explain the Christian faith to theology students, the Summa contra Gentiles is more apologetic in tone.
Thomas Aquinas holds that the existence of God can be demonstrated by reason, [38] a view that is taught by the Catholic Church. [39] The quinque viae (Latin: five ways ) found in the Summa Theologica ( I, Q.2, art.3 ) are five possible ways of demonstrating the existence of God, [ 40 ] which today are categorized as:
The Scholastics, also known as Schoolmen, [6] [7] included as its main figures Anselm of Canterbury ("the father of scholasticism" [8]), Peter Abelard, Alexander of Hales, Albertus Magnus, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham, Bonaventure, and Thomas Aquinas. Aquinas's masterwork Summa Theologica (1265–1274) is considered to be the pinnacle of ...
Summa theologica, Pars secunda, prima pars. (copy by Peter Schöffer, 1471) The Treatise on Law (as part of the Summa Theologica) is divided into Articles (or broad topics) and Questions (or specific topics). The Questions each argue for a single thesis and defend it against objections.
A summary version of the Five Ways is given in the Summa theologiae. [6] The Summa uses the form of scholastic disputation (i.e. a literary form based on a lecturing method: a question is raised, then the most serious objections are summarized, then a correct answer is provided in that context, then the objections are answered).