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The Seated Buddha from Gandhara is an early surviving statue of the Buddha discovered at the site of Jamal Garhi in ancient Gandhara in modern-day Pakistan, that dates to the 2nd or 3rd century AD during the Kushan Empire. Statues of the "enlightened one" were not made until the 1st century CE.
Jamal Garhi was a Buddhist monastery from the first until the fifth century AD at a time when Buddhism flourished in this part of the Indian subcontinent. The monastery and main stupa are surrounded by chapels closely packed together. [1] The site is called "The Jamal Garhi Kandarat or Kafiro Kote" by the locals.
Buddhism first took root in Gandhara 2,300 years ago under the Mauryan king Ashoka who sent missionaries to the Kashmira-Gandhara region following the Third Buddhist council in Pataliputra (modern India). [6] [7] [8] Majjhantika, a monk from the city of Varanasi in India, was assigned by Ashoka to preach in Kashmir and Gandhara.
Seated Buddha in Hellenistic style, Tapa Shotor, 2nd century AD. [ 34 ] [ 35 ] Seated Buddha, 300-500 AD, from near Jamal Garhi , Pakistan , now Asian Art Museum in San Francisco . Sometime between the 2nd century BC and the 1st century AD, the first anthropomorphic representations of the Buddha were developed.
Head of a Buddha or Bodhisattva, facing (4th-5th century), probably Hadda, Tapa Shotor. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Seated Buddha, Tapa Shotor (Niche V1). Tapa Shotor , also Tape Shotor or Tapa-e-shotor ("Camel Hill"), [ 5 ] was a large Sarvastivadin monastery near Hadda , Afghanistan , and is now an archaeological site. [ 6 ]
When scenes include one of the major figures and other less important ones, there is a great difference in scale, with the major figures many times larger. This is also the case in representations of incidents from the Buddha's life, which earlier had showed all the figures on the same scale. [38] The lingam was the central murti in most temples.
A set of 1,400-year-old Buddha statues in China were damaged by villagers who painted them with bright colors to “redeem a wish to the god,” officials said.
More conservative estimates date it to the 1st-2nd century CE, roughly at the same time the first known statues of the Buddha were made in the art of Mathura. [4] Probably the earliest known statue of the Buddha in the art of Mathura is the " Isapur Buddha ", dated to circa 15 CE. [ 5 ]