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Adler was influenced by the writings of Hans Vaihinger, and his concept of fictionalism, mental constructs, or working models of how to interpret the world. [1] From them he evolved his notion of the teleological goal of an individual's personality, a fictive ideal, which he later elaborated with the means for attaining it into the whole style of life.
Adler's School, known as "Individual Psychology"—an arcane reference to the Latin individuals meaning indivisibility, a term intended to emphasize holism—is both a social and community psychology as well as a depth psychology. Adler was an early advocate in psychology for prevention and emphasized the training of parents, teachers, social ...
Adler also describes the self as part of a reflection of the thoughts of others, seeing self-esteem as determined, in part, by feelings toward significant others. [4] According to Adler, people are inherently motivated to engage in social activities, relate to other people, and acquire a style of life that is fundamentally social in nature. [5]
Individual psychology (German: Individualpsychologie) is a psychological method or science founded by the Austrian psychiatrist Alfred Adler. [1] [2] The English edition of Adler's work on the subject (1925), The Practice and Theory of Individual Psychology, is a collection of papers and lectures given mainly between 1912 and 1914.
Rudolf Dreikurs (February 8, 1897, Vienna – May 25, 1972, Chicago) was an Austrian psychiatrist and educator who developed psychologist Alfred Adler's system of individual psychology into a pragmatic method for understanding the purposes of reprehensible behaviour in children and for stimulating cooperative behaviour without punishment or reward.
Heinz and Rowena Ansbacher both worked directly with Alfred Adler as scholars and editors and are considered among the leading early followers of Classical Adlerian psychology. Their major contribution, The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler (1956), is still the definitive text on individual psychology and is still in print.
The philosophers at Chicago (who included James H. Tufts, E. A. Burtt, and George H. Mead) had "entertained grave doubts as to Dr. Adler's competence in the field [of philosophy]" [12] and resisted Adler's appointment to the university's Department of Philosophy. [13] [14] Adler was the first "non-lawyer" to join the law school faculty. [15]
A direct line of influence runs from Adler through Harry Stack Sullivan to Thomas Anthony Harris [8] - one of the co-creators of TA [9] - with Adler's ideas on guiding fictions and the sense of inferiority feeding into Berne's concept of psychological games, [10] which can also be considered in terms of the interactions of different life style ...