Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Cyclic dinucleotides-second-messenger signaling molecules produced by diverse bacterial species were detected in the cytosol of mammalian cells during intracellular pathogen infection; this leads to activation of TBK1-IRF3 and the downstream production of type I interferon.
Cyclic di-GMP (also called cyclic diguanylate and c-di-GMP) is a second messenger used in signal transduction in a wide variety of bacteria. [1] Cyclic di-GMP is not known to be used by archaea, and has only been observed in eukaryotes in Dictyostelium. [2]
The secondary messenger may then activate a "secondary effector" whose effects depend on the particular secondary messenger system. [citation needed] Calcium ions are one type of second messengers and are responsible for many important physiological functions including muscle contraction, fertilization, and
This molecule, referred to as 2′3′-cGAMP (cyclic [G(2’,5’)pA(3’,5’)p]), functions as an endogenous second messenger inducing STING-dependent type I interferon response. [1] [3] cGAMP has also been shown to be an effective adjuvant that boosts the production of antigen-specific antibodies and T cell responses in mice.
Group I introns function as part of selfish elements, where they reduce the likelihood that the element will negatively impact the fitness of the host by interrupting a protein-coding gene. However, the group I intron associated with a cyclic di-GMP-II riboswitch is not selfish since it seems to perform a useful function for the cell.
cAMP represented in three ways Adenosine triphosphate. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger, or cellular signal occurring within cells, that is important in many biological processes. cAMP is a derivative of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms ...
Polyadenylation is the covalent linkage of a polyadenylyl moiety to a messenger RNA molecule. In eukaryotic organisms most messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules are polyadenylated at the 3' end, but recent studies have shown that short stretches of uridine (oligouridylation) are also common. [8]
Transfer-messenger RNA (abbreviated tmRNA, also known as 10Sa RNA and by its genetic name SsrA) is a bacterial RNA molecule with dual tRNA-like and messenger RNA-like properties. The tmRNA forms a ribonucleoprotein complex ( tmRNP ) together with Small Protein B ( SmpB ), Elongation Factor Tu ( EF-Tu ), and ribosomal protein S1.