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The Chilean Antarctic Territory, or Chilean Antarctica (Spanish: Territorio Chileno Antártico, Antártica Chilena), is a part of West Antarctica and nearby islands claimed by Chile. It comprises the region south of 60°S latitude and between longitudes 53°W and 90°W , [ 2 ] partially overlapping the Antarctic claims of Argentina ( Argentine ...
Left to right: Roald Amundsen, Helmer Hanssen, Sverre Hassel and Oscar Wisting after first reaching the South Pole on 16 December 1911. The Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration was an era in the exploration of the continent of Antarctica which began at the end of the 19th century, and ended after the First World War; the Shackleton–Rowett Expedition of 1921–1922 is often cited by historians ...
Adrien de Gerlache, who led the first of the "Heroic Age" expeditions. This list includes all the main Antarctic exploration ships that were employed in the seventeen expeditions that took place in the era between 1897 and 1922, known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.
2012 – Felicity Aston becomes the first person to ski alone across Antarctica using only personal muscle power, as well as the first woman to cross Antarctica alone. [ 37 ] [ 38 ] Her journey began on 25 November 2011, at the Leverett Glacier , and continued for 59 days and a distance of 1,744 km (1,084 mi).
"Timeline: Australia in the First World War, 1914-1918". Australian War Memorial. "World War I: Declarations of War from around the Globe". Law Library of Congress. "Timeline of the First World War on 1914-1918-Online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War". 1914-1918-Online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
The first Antarctic research stations were established during World War II by a British military operation, Operation Tabarin. [8] The 1950s saw a marked increase in the number of research bases as Britain, Chile and Argentina competed to make claims over the same area. [9] Meteorology and geology were the primary research subjects.
The United States, Chile, the Soviet Union and Germany disputed Norway's claim. [18] [19] In 1938, Germany dispatched the German Antarctic Expedition, led by Alfred Ritscher, to fly over as much of it as possible. [17] The ship Schwabenland reached the pack ice off Antarctica on 19 January 1939. [20]
About 70% of the world's freshwater reserves are frozen in Antarctica, which, if melted, would raise global sea levels by almost 60 metres (200 ft). Antarctica holds the record for the lowest measured temperature on Earth, −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F). The coastal regions can reach temperatures over 10 °C (50 °F) in the summer.