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Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. [3] [4] Cancer can be difficult to diagnose because its signs and symptoms are often nonspecific, meaning they may be general phenomena that do not point directly to a specific disease process.
Amelanotic melanoma is a type of skin cancer in which the cells do not make any melanin. [1]: 696 [2] They can be pink, red, purple or of normal skin color, and are therefore difficult to diagnose correctly. They can occur anywhere on the body, just as a typical melanoma can.
Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (cSCC), also known as squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin or squamous-cell skin cancer, is one of the three principal types of skin cancer, alongside basal-cell carcinoma and melanoma. [10] cSCC typically presents as a hard lump with a scaly surface, though it may also present as an ulcer. [1]
Symptoms: Basal-cell: painless raised area of skin that may be shiny with small blood vessel running over it or ulceration [1] Squamous-cell: hard lump with a scaly top [2] Melanoma: mole that has changed in size, shape, color, or has irregular edges [3] Types: Basal-cell skin cancer (BCC), squamous-cell skin cancer (SCC), melanoma [1] Causes
The CDKN2A gene is located on chromosome 9p21.3. Two main transcripts, isoforms '1' and '4', each contain three exons and span 7288 and 26740 bp, respectively. They encode proteins of 156 and 173 amino acids; isoform '1' encodes p16(INK4a), while isoform '4' encodes p14(ARF), a protein that is structurally unrelated to p16(INK4) but acts in cell cycle G1 control by stabilizing the tumor ...
[2] [6] SGc share a similar histological presentation to other cutaneous tumors, such as sebaceous adenomas, basal cell carcinomas (BCC), squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and clear cell tumors. [6] [17] A high level of suspicion is extremely important to prevent treatment delay and increased mortality. [17]
Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is the term used for a benign lesion of the breast that indicates an increased risk of breast cancer. [1]The name of the entity is descriptive of the lesion; ADH is characterized by cellular proliferation (hyperplasia) within one or two breast ducts and (histomorphologic) architectural abnormalities, i.e. the cells are arranged in an abnormal or atypical way ...
Grading of the tumor sample is a method of classification that helps the doctor to determine the severity of the astrocytoma and to decide on the best treatment options. The neuropathologist grades the tumor by looking for atypical cells, the growth of new blood vessels, and for indicators of cell division called mitotic figures. [citation needed]