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In subsequent years, there were political tensions in the new country between Czechoslovakists and those seeking greater autonomy for the Slovaks in particular. In March 1939, with pressure from Adolf Hitler , the First Slovak Republic was created as a satellite state of Germany with limited sovereignty.
A History of the Czechoslovak Republic 1918-48 (1973) Skilling, H. ed. Czechoslovakia, 1918-88. Seventy Years from Independence (1991) Lukes, Igor. 'Czechoslovakia between Stalin and Hitler', Oxford University Press 1996, ISBN 0-19-510267-3; Olivová, V. The Doomed Democracy: Czechoslovakia in a Disrupted Europe 1914-38 (1972) Orzoff, Andrea.
In December 1987, some 500,000 Catholics in Czechoslovakia signed a petition for religious freedom. It was the biggest petition of that sort in central Europe. The first anti-Communist demonstration took place on 25 March 1988 – the Candle demonstration. An unauthorized peaceful gathering of some 2,000 (other sources 10,000) Catholics in the ...
After World War II, Czechoslovakia was reestablished under its pre-1938 borders, with the exception of Carpathian Ruthenia, which became part of the Ukrainian SSR (a republic of the Soviet Union). The Communist Party seized power in a coup in 1948. From 1948 to 1989, Czechoslovakia was part of the Eastern Bloc with a planned economy.
The ancestors of the Czechs and the Slovaks were united in the so-called Samo's Empire for about 30 years in the 7th century. The ancestors of the Slovaks and the Moravians were later united in Great Moravia between 833 and 907. The Czechs were part of Great Moravia for only about seven years before they split from it in 895.
Within the next few years, bureaucratic centralism under the direction of KSČ leadership was introduced. So-called "dissident" elements were purged from all levels of society, including the Catholic Church. The ideological principles of Marxism-Leninism and pervaded cultural and intellectual life. The entire education system was submitted to ...
The creation of the document, officially the Declaration of Independence of the Czechoslovak Nation by its Provisional Government (Czech: Prohlášení nezávislosti československého národa zatímní vládou československou), was prompted by the imminent collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, of which the Czech and Slovak lands had been ...
The First Czechoslovak Republic emerged from the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in October 1918. The new state consisted mostly of territories inhabited by Czechs and Slovaks, but also included areas containing majority populations of other nationalities, particularly Germans (22.95 %), who accounted for more citizens than the state's second state nation of the Slovaks, [1] Hungarians ...