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A speech sound disorder (SSD) is a speech disorder affecting the ability to pronounce speech sounds, which includes speech articulation disorders and phonemic disorders, the latter referring to some sounds not being produced or used correctly. The term "protracted phonological development" is sometimes preferred when describing children's ...
However, it is not uncommon for a single person to have a mixed speech sound disorder with both phonemic and phonetic components. Stuttering (AKA “Dysphemia”) [11] affects approximately 1% of the adult population. [2] Voice disorders are impairments, often physical, that involve the function of the larynx or vocal resonance.
Dysarthria is a speech sound disorder resulting from neurological injury of the motor component of the motor–speech system [1] and is characterized by poor articulation of phonemes. [2] It is a condition in which problems effectively occur with the muscles that help produce speech, often making it very difficult to pronounce words.
Speech sound disorders may be of two varieties: articulation (the production of sounds) or phonological processes (sound patterns). An articulation disorder may take the form of substitution, omission, addition, or distortion of normal speech sounds.
Apraxia of speech (AOS), also called verbal apraxia, is a speech sound disorder affecting an individual's ability to translate conscious speech plans into motor plans, which results in limited and difficult speech ability.
Voice disorders [1] are medical conditions involving abnormal pitch, loudness or quality of the sound produced by the larynx and thereby affecting speech production. These include: Vocal fold nodules; Vocal fold cysts; Vocal cord paresis; Reinke's edema; Spasmodic dysphonia; Foreign accent syndrome; Bogart–Bacall syndrome; Laryngeal ...
Palilalia is similar to speech disorders such as stuttering or cluttering, as it tends to express itself only in spontaneous speech, such as answering basic questions, and not in automatic speech such as reading or singing; however, it distinctively affects words and phrases rather than syllables and sounds. [1]
The delays and disorders can range from simple sound substitution to the inability to understand or use one's native language. [3] This article covers subjects such as diagnosis, the DSM-IV, the DSM-V, and examples like sensory impairments, aphasia, learning disabilities, and speech disorders.