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Crystallisation-type hand warmer with scale showing metal disc trigger Short clip showing the activation and crystallisation of a crystallisation-type reusable hand warmer. This type of hand warmer can be recharged by immersing the hand-warmer in very hot water until the contents are uniform and then allowing it to cool. The release of heat is ...
A sodium acetate heat pad. Disposable chemical pads employ a one-time exothermic chemical reaction.One type, frequently used for hand warmers, is triggered by unwrapping an air-tight packet containing slightly moist iron powder and salt or catalysts which rusts over a period of hours after being exposed to oxygen in the air.
As an example in everyday life, hand warmers make use of the oxidation of iron to achieve an exothermic reaction: 4Fe + 3O 2 → 2Fe 2 O 3 ΔH⚬ = - 1648 kJ/mol. A particularly important class of exothermic reactions is combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel, e.g. the burning of natural gas:
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One traditional hand warmer is a small metal box containing charcoal which, when lit, burns very slowly and produces a mild heat. Disposable heat packs typically contain cellulose, iron, water, activated carbon, vermiculite, and salt. When these packs are exposed to air, an exothermic chemical reaction occurs, which provides several hours of heat.
First, a quick science lesson on cold hands: “The body regulates the temperature of the hand mainly by controlling blood flow through the radial and the ulnar arteries,” Dr. Abayomi Ogunwale ...
The opposite of an endothermic process is an exothermic process, one that releases or "gives out" energy, usually in the form of heat and sometimes as electrical energy. [1] Thus, endo in endothermic refers to energy or heat going in, and exo in exothermic refers to energy or heat going out. In each term (endothermic and exothermic) the prefix ...
Endothermic animals mostly use internal heat production through metabolic active organs and tissues (liver, kidney, heart, brain, muscle) or specialized heat producing tissues like brown adipose tissue (BAT). In general, endotherms therefore have higher metabolic rates than ectotherms at a given body mass.
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