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Reinke's edema is considered to be a benign (non-cancercous) polyp (protrusion) that represents 10% of all benign laryngeal pathologies. [4] [10] Treatment of Reinke's edema starts with the elimination of associated risk factors, such as smoking, gastric reflux, and hypothyroidism. Advanced cases may undergo phonosurgery to remove the fluid ...
The polyp itself represents an overgrowth of the mucous membranes. [1] Diagnosis may be accomplished by looking up the nose. [1] A CT scan may be used to determine the number of polyps and help plan surgery. [1] Treatment is typically with steroids, often in the form of a nasal spray. [1] If this is not effective, surgery may be considered. [1]
The treatment is particularly helpful for dyssynergic defecation (anismus). Research studies have shown that there is improved blood flow to the rectal mucosa after biofeedback therapy. [1] The overall rate of complete resolution of both symptoms and ulceration varies at 50-75%. [8] Stool frequency and straining effort decrease after this ...
Residual mucosal islands between ulcerated and denuded areas of mucosa may have a polypoid appearance and are referred to as pseudopolyps. [4] Polyposis syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis, could give rise to a similar appearance on imaging, although the clinical presentation would differ from that of inflammatory pseudopolyposis. [5]
Most polyps are benign and do not need to be removed. Surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) is recommended when a gallbladder polyp larger than 1 cm is found, even if the person has no symptoms clearly related to the polyp. Laparoscopic surgery is an option for small or solitary polyps. [citation needed]
This treatment has shown good results in aviators who have recurrent sinus barotrauma. Computer-aided surgery has re-established the drainage of affected sinuses, especially with regard to the sphenoid sinuses. [10] When the sphenoids were entered endoscopically, mucosal petechia and hematoma were clearly seen.
If an adenomatous polyp is found, it must be removed, since such a polyp is pre-cancerous and has a propensity to become cancerous. For certainty, all polyps which are found by any diagnostic modality, are removed by a colonoscopy. Although colon cancer is usually not found in polyps smaller than 2.5 cm, all polyps found are removed since their ...
PPCS is caused by an electrocautery-induced injury to the wall of the colon that occurs during removal of colon polyps. [3] PPCS occurs when the electric current extends beyond the mucosa, entering the muscularis propria and serosa, resulting in a full thickness (transmural) burn injury. [1]