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Giuseppe Mazzini (UK: / m æ t ˈ s iː n i /, [1] US: / m ɑː t ˈ-, m ɑː d ˈ z iː n i /, [2] [3] Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe matˈtsiːni]; 22 June 1805 – 10 March 1872) [4] was an Italian politician, journalist, and activist for the unification of Italy (Risorgimento) and spearhead of the Italian revolutionary movement.
Young Italy (Italian: La Giovine Italia, pronounced [la ˈdʒoːvine iˈtaːlja]) was an Italian political movement founded in 1831 by Giuseppe Mazzini.A few months after leaving Italy, in June 1831, Mazzini wrote a letter to King Charles Albert of Sardinia, in which he asked him to unite Italy and lead the nation.
Founded in 1848, primarily English movement based ostensibly on undoing innovations by the painter Raphael. Many were both painters and poets [38] Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Christina Rossetti: Transcendentalism: From the mid-19th-century American movement: poetry and philosophy concerned with self-reliance, independence from modern technology [39]
Mazzini's activity in revolutionary movements caused him to be imprisoned soon after he joined. While in prison, he concluded that Italy could − and therefore should − be unified, and he formulated a program for establishing a free, independent, and republican nation with Rome as its capital.
The more astute members realized they could never take on the Austrian army in open battle and joined a new movement, Giovane Italia ('Young Italy') led by the nationalist Giuseppe Mazzini, in which many members would trace their origins and inspiration to the Carbonari. Rapidly declining in influence and members, the Carbonari practically ...
Disappointed, Mazzini dissolved the Action Party and retired from politics. In 1870, Rome was captured and became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy . In 1877, Agostino Bertani , a former member of the Action Party, left the Historical Left to form the Historical Far-Left , reputed to be the real heir of the Action Party.
The movement was born after the Cultural Revolution, mainly from the 1970s. Leading members include Bei Dao, Duo Duo, Shu Ting, Yang Lian, Gu Cheng, and also Hai Zi. [77] [91] [92] The Martian poets were English poets of the 1970s and early 1980s, including Craig Raine and Christopher Reid. Through the heavy use of curious, exotic, and humorous ...
Mazzini travelled from London in secret to support the insurrection. He managed to persuade the leaders not to proclaim a republic when they rose, in the hope of support from Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy. The insurrectionary committee in turn persuaded Mazzini stay in Locarno in Switzerland until he could be sure the uprising had succeeded.