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  2. Endergonic reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endergonic_reaction

    In chemical thermodynamics, an endergonic reaction (from Greek ἔνδον (endon) 'within' and ἔργον (ergon) 'work'; also called a heat absorbing nonspontaneous reaction or an unfavorable reaction) is a chemical reaction in which the standard change in free energy is positive, and an additional driving force is needed to perform this ...

  3. Anabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabolism

    Anabolism usually involves reduction and decreases entropy, making it unfavorable without energy input. [6] The starting materials, called the precursor molecules, are joined using the chemical energy made available from hydrolyzing ATP, reducing the cofactors NAD + , NADP + , and FAD , or performing other favorable side reactions. [ 7 ]

  4. Activation energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activation_energy

    The blue flame sustains itself after the sparks stop because the continued combustion of the flame is now energetically favorable. In the Arrhenius model of reaction rates, activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that must be available to reactants for a chemical reaction to occur. [1]

  5. Thermochemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermochemistry

    Thermochemistry is the study of the heat energy which is associated with chemical reactions and/or phase changes such as melting and boiling. A reaction may release or absorb energy, and a phase change may do the same. Thermochemistry focuses on the energy exchange between a system and its surroundings in the form of heat. Thermochemistry is ...

  6. Biological thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_thermodynamics

    Biological thermodynamics (Thermodynamics of biological systems) is a science that explains the nature and general laws of thermodynamic processes occurring in living organisms as nonequilibrium thermodynamic systems that convert the energy of the Sun and food into other types of energy. The nonequilibrium thermodynamic state of living ...

  7. Ostwald ripening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostwald_ripening

    Large particles are more energetically favorable since, continuing with this example, more atoms are bonded to 6 neighbors and fewer atoms are at the unfavorable surface. As the system tries to lower its overall energy, molecules on the surface of a small particle (energetically unfavorable, with only 3 or 4 or 5 bonded neighbors) will tend to ...

  8. Energy profile (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_profile_(chemistry)

    A reaction with ∆H°<0 is called exothermic reaction while one with ∆H°>0 is endothermic. Figure 8: Reaction Coordinate Diagrams showing favorable or unfavorable and slow or fast reactions [7] The relative stability of reactant and product does not define the feasibility of any reaction all by itself.

  9. Hydrophobic effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobic_effect

    For example, in the case of dissolved xenon at room temperature a mobility restriction of 30% has been found. [17] In the case of larger nonpolar molecules, the reorientational and translational motion of the water molecules in the solvation shell may be restricted by a factor of two to four; thus, at 25 °C the reorientational correlation time ...

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