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  2. Charged particle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charged_particle

    In physics, a charged particle is a particle with an electric charge. For example, some elementary particles, like the electron or quarks are charged. [1] Some composite particles like protons are charged particles. An ion, such as a molecule or atom with a surplus or deficit of electrons relative to protons are also charged particles.

  3. Atomic battery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_battery

    A direct-charging generator consists of a capacitor charged by the current of charged particles from a radioactive layer deposited on one of the electrodes. Spacing can be either vacuum or dielectric. Negatively charged beta particles or positively charged alpha particles, positrons or fission fragments may be utilized. Although this form of ...

  4. Lithium–air battery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium–air_battery

    Schematic of lithium–air battery charge and discharge cycles. In general lithium ions move between the anode and the cathode across the electrolyte. Under discharge, electrons follow the external circuit to do electric work and the lithium ions migrate to the cathode. During charge the lithium metal plates onto the anode, freeing O

  5. Lead–acid battery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead–acid_battery

    Gel-cells and absorbed glass-mat batteries are common in these roles, collectively known as valve-regulated lead–acid batteries. When charged, the battery's chemical energy is stored in the potential difference between metallic lead at the negative side and PbO 2 on the positive side.

  6. Mass-to-charge ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass-to-charge_ratio

    When charged particles move in electric and magnetic fields the following two laws apply: Lorentz force law: = (+),; Newton's second law of motion: = =; where F is the force applied to the ion, m is the mass of the particle, a is the acceleration, Q is the electric charge, E is the electric field, and v × B is the cross product of the ion's velocity and the magnetic flux density.

  7. Research in lithium-ion batteries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_in_lithium-ion...

    A third approach produced rechargeable batteries that can be printed cheaply on commonly used industrial screen printers. The batteries used a zinc charge carrier with a solid polymer electrolyte that prevents dendrite formation and provides greater stability. The device survived 1,000 bending cycles without damage. [113]

  8. Lithium-ion battery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery

    A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses the reversible intercalation of Li + ions into electronically conducting solids to store energy. In comparison with other commercial rechargeable batteries, Li-ion batteries are characterized by higher specific energy, higher energy density, higher energy efficiency, a longer cycle life, and a longer calendar life.

  9. Sodium-ion battery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-ion_battery

    Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs, SIBs, or Na-ion batteries) are several types of rechargeable batteries, which use sodium ions (Na +) as their charge carriers. In some cases, its working principle and cell construction are similar to those of lithium-ion battery (LIB) types, but it replaces lithium with sodium as the intercalating ion.