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The Thirty Years' War, [j] from 1618 to 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history.Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from the effects of battle, famine, or disease, while parts of Germany reported population declines of over 50%. [19]
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The Palatinate campaign (30 August 1620 – 27 August 1623), also known as the Spanish conquest of the Palatinate or the Palatinate phase of the Thirty Years' War was a campaign conducted by the Imperial army of the Holy Roman Empire against the Protestant Union in the Lower Palatinate, during the Thirty Years' War.
This category contains historical battles fought as part of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). Please see the category guidelines for more information. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Battles of the Thirty Years' War .
Map of the Holy Roman Empire in 1618. The Thirty Years' War was an interweaving of several larger and smaller interlinked conflicts between Protestants and Catholics in Europe. The first spark of the war was the Protestant revolt in Bohemia, which occurred after the much-publicized defenestration of Prague in May 1618.
The History of the Thirty Years' War by Friedrich Schiller; Luca Cristini, 1618–1648 la guerra dei 30 anni. volume 1 da 1618 al 1632 2007 (ISBN 978-88-903010-1-8) Luca Cristini, 1618–1648 la guerra dei 30 anni. volume 2 da 1632 al 1648 2007 (ISBN 978-88-903010-2-5) Bohemia in history. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge UP, 1998. Print. Helfferich ...
The siege of Heidelberg or the Imperial-Spanish capture of Heildelberg took place from 23 July to 19 September 1622, at Heidelberg, Electorate of the Palatinate, between the Imperial-Spanish army led by Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly and Don Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba against the Anglo-Protestant forces of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, commanded by Sir Gerard Herbert and Sir Horace Vere ...
Their climax and decline is marked by the rule of Elector Palatine Frederick V, whose coronation as king of Bohemia in 1619 sparked the Thirty Years' War. After the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, the ravaged lands were further afflicted by the Reunion campaigns launched by King Louis XIV of France, culminating in the Nine Years' War (1688–97).