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The oxidation states are also maintained in articles of the elements (of course), and systematically in the table {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state}} See also [ edit ]
Aluminium is rarely found in its +1 oxidation state in nature due to the immense stability of the +3 oxidation state. Rotational transitions of AlF and AlCl have been detected in circumstellar shells near IRC +10216. [9] [13] The presence of AlF suggests that fluorine is produced in helium shell flashes instead of explosive nucleosynthesis. [13]
The highest known oxidation state is reported to be +9, displayed by iridium in the tetroxoiridium(IX) cation (IrO + 4). [1] It is predicted that even a +10 oxidation state may be achieved by platinum in tetroxoplatinum(X), PtO 2+ 4. [2] The lowest oxidation state is −5, as for boron in Al 3 BC [3] and gallium in pentamagnesium digallide (Mg ...
26 Al was present in the early Solar System with abundance of 0.005% relative to 27 Al but its half-life of 728,000 years is too short for any original nuclei to survive; 26 Al is therefore extinct. [63] Unlike for 27 Al, hydrogen burning is the primary source of 26 Al, with the nuclide emerging after a nucleus of 25 Mg catches a
Cubic γ-Al 2 O 3 has important technical applications. The so-called β-Al 2 O 3 proved to be NaAl 11 O 17. [18] Molten aluminium oxide near the melting temperature is roughly 2/3 tetrahedral (i.e. 2/3 of the Al are surrounded by 4 oxygen neighbors), and 1/3 5-coordinated, with very little (<5%) octahedral Al-O present. [19]
Aluminium(I) oxide is formed by heating Al and Al 2 O 3 in a vacuum while in the presence of SiO 2 and C, and only by condensing the products. [2] Information is not commonly available on this compound; it is unstable, has complex high-temperature spectra, and is difficult to detect and identify. In reduction, Al 2 O is a major component of ...
Al + < Ga + < In + < Tl +. The same trend in stability is noted in groups 14, 15 and 16. The heaviest members of each group, i.e. lead, bismuth and polonium are comparatively stable in oxidation states +2, +3, and +4 respectively. The lower oxidation state in each of the elements in question has two valence electrons in s orbitals.
Aluminium(II) oxide is one of the aluminium oxides (the most common is Aluminium oxide Al 2 O 3), as it was the rare example of aluminium(II) compound since aluminium usually exists in its +3 oxidation state.