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The discharge potential is a potential in groundwater mechanics which links the physical properties, hydraulic head, with a mathematical formulation for the energy as a function of position. The discharge potential, [L 3 ·T −1], is defined in such way that its gradient equals the discharge vector. [1]
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a hydrological process which commonly occurs in coastal areas. It is described as submarine inflow of fresh-, and brackish groundwater from land into the sea. Submarine groundwater discharge is controlled by several forcing mechanisms, which cause a hydraulic gradient between land and sea. [1]
Groundwater is fresh water located in the subsurface pore space of soil and rocks.It is also water that is flowing within aquifers below the water table.Sometimes it is useful to make a distinction between groundwater that is closely associated with surface water, and deep groundwater in an aquifer (called "fossil water" if it infiltrated into the ground millennia ago [8]).
Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation is a hydrologic process, where water moves downward from surface water to groundwater. Recharge is the primary method through which water enters an aquifer .
The river's discharge at that location depends on the rainfall on the catchment or drainage area and the inflow or outflow of groundwater to or from the area, stream modifications such as dams and irrigation diversions, as well as evaporation and evapotranspiration from the area's land and plant surfaces. In storm hydrology, an important ...
Groundwater is water that is found underground in cracks and spaces in the soil, sand and rocks. Where water has filled these spaces is the phreatic (also called) saturated zone. Groundwater is stored in and moves slowly (compared to surface runoff in temperate conditions and watercourses) through layers or zones of soil, sand and rocks: aquifers.
Stream discharge is derived from four sources: channel precipitation, overland flow, interflow, and groundwater. Channel precipitation is the moisture falling directly on the water surface, and in most streams, it adds very little to discharge.
Nearshore submarine groundwater discharge is defined as a range of 0 to 10 m, embayment SGD is defined as 10 m to 10 km and offshore SGD is defined as more than 10 km. [2] Topography, salinity and temperature convention and tidal pumping are responsible for the driving force for the submarine groundwater discharge. [26] [32]