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Anaerobic respiration and its end products can facilitate symbiosis between anaerobes and aerobes. This occurs across taxa, often in compensation for nutritional needs. [26] Anaerobiosis and symbiosis are found in interactions between ciliates and prokaryotes. Anaerobic ciliates interact with prokaryotes in an endosymbiotic relationship. These ...
This definition distinguishes fermentation from aerobic respiration, where oxygen is the acceptor and types of anaerobic respiration, where an inorganic species is the acceptor. [citation needed] Fermentation had been defined differently in the past. In 1876, Louis Pasteur described it as "la vie sans air" (life without air). [7]
Anaerobic digesters can also be fed with purpose-grown energy crops, such as maize. [8] Anaerobic digestion is widely used as a source of renewable energy. The process produces a biogas, consisting of methane, carbon dioxide, and traces of other 'contaminant' gases. [1]
Fermentation, like aerobic respiration, begins by breaking glucose into two pyruvate molecules. From here, it proceeds using endogenous organic electron receptors, whereas cellular respiration uses exogenous receptors, such as oxygen in aerobic respiration and nitrate in anaerobic respiration.
Numerous fermentation pathways exist such as lactic acid fermentation, mixed acid fermentation, 2-3 butanediol fermentation where organic compounds are reduced to organic acids and alcohol. [8] [4] The energy yield of anaerobic respiration and fermentation (i.e. the number of ATP molecules generated) is less than in aerobic respiration. [8]
A facultative anaerobic organism is an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation if oxygen is absent. [1] [2] Some examples of facultatively anaerobic bacteria are Staphylococcus spp., [3] Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Listeria spp., [4] Shewanella oneidensis and Yersinia ...
In both aerobic and anaerobic systems the growing and reproducing microorganisms within them require a source of elemental oxygen to survive. [1] In an anaerobic system there is an absence of gaseous oxygen. In an anaerobic digester, gaseous oxygen is prevented from entering the system through physical containment in sealed tanks.
Anaerobic digestion, the use of anaerobic bacteria to break down waste, with biogas as a byproduct Anaerobic clarigester, an anaerobic digester that treats dilute biodegradable feedstocks and allows different retention times for solids and liquids; Anaerobic contact process, an anaerobic digester with a set of reactors in series