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Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a technique that combines the use of endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat certain problems of the biliary or pancreatic ductal systems. It is primarily performed by highly skilled and specialty trained gastroenterologists.
Specific vitamin deficiencies also occur; Vitamin D and Calcium deficiencies lead to thinning of bone with bone pain and fractures as a result of osteoporosis and osteomalacia. Bypass of the terminal ileum, which is the specific site of vitamin B 12 absorption, leads to Vitamin B 12 deficiency with a specific peripheral neuropathy .
During ERCP the endoscopist may surgically widen the opening into the bile duct and remove the stone through that opening. ERCP, however, is an invasive procedure and has its own potential complications. Thus, if the suspicion is low, the physician may choose to confirm the diagnosis with MRCP, a non-invasive imaging technique, before ...
An endoclip is a metallic mechanical device used in endoscopy in order to close two mucosal surfaces without the need for surgery and suturing. Its function is similar to a suture in gross surgical applications, as it is used to join together two disjointed surfaces, but, can be applied through the channel of an endoscope under direct ...
Some uses for this procedure includes: drainage of bile/infected bile to relieve obstructive jaundice, to place a stent to dilate a stricture in the biliary system, stone removal, and rendezvous technique [4] where guidewire from the common bile duct (CBD) meets with duodenoscope (coming from the oesophagus into the stomach and then duodenum) at the major duodenal papilla.
Biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy is sometimes used, with or without stenting, to relieve the obstruction, but systematic reviews have not demonstrated consistent benefits. [ 5 ] Treatment of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction: this is a diagnosis of exclusion which encompasses a broad spectrum of hepatobiliary disorders including spasms, strictures ...
Prognosis is progressively worse the later surgery is done; Post-operatively, cholangitis and malabsorption are common; Many children with biliary atresia will require liver transplantation despite the attempted surgical repair, although on occasion, it can be delayed until adulthood. [6]
Particular medications can result in MRONJ, a serious but uncommon side effect in certain individuals. Such medications are frequently used to treat diseases that cause bone resorption such as osteoporosis, or to treat cancer. The main groups of drugs involved are anti-resorptive drugs, and anti-angiogenic drugs.