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  2. Extinction (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_(psychology)

    Fear extinction is the fundamental principle behind exposure therapy, a common treatment for anxiety disorders. In this process, the conditioned fear responses diminish progressively over time, when the previously conditioned stimulus is presented without being paired with the unconditioned stimulus. [20]

  3. Fear conditioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear_conditioning

    Pavlovian fear conditioning is a behavioral paradigm in which organisms learn to predict aversive events. [1] It is a form of learning in which an aversive stimulus (e.g. an electrical shock) is associated with a particular neutral context (e.g., a room) or neutral stimulus (e.g., a tone), resulting in the expression of fear responses to the originally neutral stimulus or context.

  4. Fear processing in the brain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear_processing_in_the_brain

    In fear conditioning, the main circuits that are involved are the sensory areas that process the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, certain regions of the amygdala that undergo plasticity (or long-term potentiation) during learning, and the regions that bear an effect on the expression of specific conditioned responses. These pathways ...

  5. Fear - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear

    Fear is an unpleasant emotion that arises in response to perceived dangers or threats. Fear causes physiological and psychological changes. It may produce behavioral reactions such as mounting an aggressive response or fleeing the threat, commonly known as the fight-or-flight response. Extreme cases of fear can trigger an immobilized freeze ...

  6. Intercalated cells of the amygdala - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercalated_cells_of_the...

    The ITC clusters work together to activate either "fear promoting" or "fear extinction" pathways within the amygdala. [6] Some researchers speculate that ITC cells could serve as a substrate for the expression and storage of extinction memory via their extensive local inhibition within the amygdala.

  7. Exposure therapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_therapy

    Exposure therapy is based on the principle of respondent conditioning often termed Pavlovian extinction. [10] The exposure therapist identifies the cognitions, emotions and physiological arousal that accompany a fear-inducing stimulus and then tries to break the pattern of escape that maintains the fear.

  8. Democratic Rep. Jim Cooper of Tennessee, who recently announced he would not seek reelection to Congress this fall, warns that the party is facing extinction in small-town America. “It’s hard ...

  9. Avoidance learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avoidance_learning

    The neural circuit responsible for expressing signaled avoidance behavior is the same that controls extinction of fear responses. The presentation of the aversive stimulus activates neurons in the central amygdala which project to the periaqueductal gray region to elicit a fear-motivated motor response.