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Somatostatin, also known as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) or by several other names, is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system and affects neurotransmission and cell proliferation via interaction with G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors and inhibition of the release of numerous secondary hormones.
It is a non-selective somatostatin receptor antagonist, [37] inhibiting the effects of somatostatin on target cells in the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, hypothalamus, and central nervous system. [2] Cyclosomatostatin is used as a research chemical to investigate the effects of somatostatin on different cell types by antagonizing its ...
In both species, the peptide hormone Urocortin III (Ucn3) is a major local signal that is released from beta cells (and alpha cells in primates) to induce the local secretion of somatostatin. [3] It has also been suggested that somatostatin may be implicated in insulin-induced hypoglycaemia through a mechanism involving SGLT-2 receptors.
Octreotide, sold under the brand name Sandostatin among others, is an octapeptide that mimics natural somatostatin pharmacologically, though it is a more potent inhibitor of growth hormone, glucagon, and insulin than the natural hormone. It was first synthesized in 1979 and binds predominantly to the somatostatin receptors SSTR2 and SSTR5. [5]
Somatostatin receptor antagonists (or somatostatin inhibitors) are a class of chemical compounds that work by imitating the structure of the neuropeptide somatostatin. The somatostatin receptors are G protein-coupled receptors. Somatostatin receptor subtypes in humans are sstr1, 2A, 2 B, 3, 4 and 5. [1]
The somatostatin family is a protein family with somatostatin as titular member, a hormone which inhibits the release of the pituitary somatotropin (growth hormone) and inhibits the release of glucagon and insulin from the pancreas of fasted animals. Cortistatin is a cortical neuropeptide with neuronal depressant and sleep-modulating properties ...
Somatostatin is encoded by a CRE and is very susceptible to gene promoter region activation by transcription factor CREB. [1] There are five known somatostatin receptors: [2] SST 1 ; SST 2 ; SST 3 ; SST 4 ; SST 5 ; All are G protein-coupled seven transmembrane receptors.
The somatostatin hormone itself can negatively affect the uptake of hormones in the body and may play a role in some hormonal conditions. Somatostatin 2 receptors have been found in concentration on the surface of tumor cells, particularly those associated with the neuroendocrine system where the overexpression of somatostatin can lead to many complications [22] [23] Due to this, these ...