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Vacuum furnaces are used to carry out processes such as annealing, brazing, sintering and heat treatment with high consistency and low contamination. Characteristics of a vacuum furnace are: Uniform temperatures in the range. 800–3,000 °C (1,500–5,400 °F) Commercially available vacuum pumping systems can reach vacuum levels as low as 1 × ...
Vacuum furnaces is a relatively economical method of oxide prevention and is most often used to braze materials with very stable oxides (aluminum, titanium and zirconium) that cannot be brazed in atmosphere furnaces. Vacuum brazing is also used heavily with refractory materials and other exotic alloy combinations unsuited to atmosphere furnaces ...
Since the 1970s, interrupter subcomponents have been assembled in a high-vacuum brazing furnace by a combined brazing-and-evacuation process. Tens (or hundreds) of bottles are processed in one batch, using a high-vacuum furnace that heats them at temperatures up to 900 °C and a pressure of 10 −6 mbar. [6]
This technique can be carried out in a relatively simple setup composed of a dual-zone vacuum furnace. The hot end of the furnace contains the evaporating source material, while the evaporated particles are carrier downstream, (by way of a carrier gas) to the colder end of the furnace where they can absorb, nucleate, and grow on a desired ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 31 December 2024. Manufacturing processes This section does not cite any sources.
BVCu-1x is OFHC, vacuum-grade, for furnace brazing of steels, stainless steels and nickel alloys. Oxygen-containing copper is incompatible with hydrogen-containing atmospheres which cause its embrittlement. Cheaper than silver, but requires higher processing temperatures and is oxidation-prone. Used in fluxless vacuum brazing of stainless steels.
A better choice for vacuum systems is the tin-silver eutectic, Sn95Ag5 (Sn-Ag eutectic is actually 96.5-3.5); its melting point of 230 °C (446 °F) allows bakeout up to 200 °C (392 °F). A similar 95-5 alloy, Sn95Sb5, is unsuitable as antimony has similar vapor pressure as lead. Take care to remove flux residues.
An industrial furnace, also known as a direct heater or a direct fired heater, is a device used to provide heat for an industrial process, typically higher than 400 degrees Celsius. [1] They are used to provide heat for a process or can serve as reactor which provides heats of reaction. Furnace designs vary as to its function, heating duty ...