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Pomalidomide, sold under the brand names Pomalyst and Imnovid, [7] [8] is an anti-cancer medication used for the treatment of multiple myeloma and AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma. [ 7 ] Pomalidomide was approved for medical use in the United States in February 2013, [ 10 ] and in the European Union in August 2013. [ 8 ]
Pomalidomide (3-aminothalidomide) was the second thalidomide analog to enter the clinic being more potent than both of its predecessors. [12] First reported in 2001, pomalidomide was noted to directly inhibit myeloma cell proliferation and thus inhibiting MM both on the tumor and vascular compartments. [13]
Further clinical studies are required to determine the potential harms of these drugs and their effect on the person's quality of life. [112] A 2009 review noted, "Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are the major side effects of thalidomide and lenalidomide. Lenalidomide causes more myelosuppression, and thalidomide causes more sedation.
Confusion may result from drug side effects or from a relatively sudden brain dysfunction. Acute confusion is often called delirium (or "acute confusional state"), [4] although delirium often includes a much broader array of disorders than simple confusion. These disorders include the inability to focus attention; various impairments in ...
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Delirium (formerly acute confusional state, an ambiguous term that is now discouraged) [1] is a specific state of acute confusion attributable to the direct physiological consequence of a medical condition, effects of a psychoactive substance, or multiple causes, which usually develops over the course of hours to days.
Severe side effects include low blood platelets, low white blood cells, and blood clots. [8] The dose may need to be adjusted in people with kidney problems . [ 8 ] Lenalidomide is closely related to thalidomide , which is known to cause severe birth defects, so its use during pregnancy is very likely to harm the fetus.
Alcohol can exacerbate the symptoms and may directly contribute to increased severity of symptoms. The reasons for toxicity vary depending on the mixture of drugs. Usually, most victims die after using two or more drugs in combination that suppress breathing, and the low blood oxygen level causes brain death.