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There is widespread confusion between the terms rift sawn and quarter sawn with the terms defined both with opposite meanings and as synonyms. Quarter-sawn boards have greater stability of form and size with less cupping (compared to flatsawn boards), shrinkage across the width, shake and splitting, and other good qualities. [1]
Rift sawing is a woodworking process that aims to produce lumber that is less vulnerable to distortion than flat-sawn lumber. Rift-sawing may be done strictly along a log's radials—perpendicular to the annular growth ring orientation or wood grain—or as part of the quarter sawing process.
The way a given piece of wood has been sawn affects both its appearance and physical properties: flat-grain: flat-sawn, slab-sawn, plain sawn, bastard-sawn, [6] or sawn "through and through". edge grain: quarter-sawn or rift-sawn or straight-grained, and; end grain: the grain of wood seen when it is cut across the growth rings.
The types of rip-cuts influence the quality of the lumber. Plain-sawn is the most common type of cut where a log is repeatedly run through a saw and much of the lumber has wood grain nearly parallel to the width of the boards. Quarter sawn and rift-sawn wood is more time consuming and wasteful to produce but is of higher quality.
Quarter sawn and rift sawn – These terms have been confused in history but generally mean lumber sawn so the annual rings are reasonably perpendicular to the sides (not edges) of the lumber. Boxed heart – The pith remains within the timber, post or beam, with some allowance for exposure. Heart center – the center core of a log.
Depending on the desired look of the floor, the timber can be cut in three ways: flat-sawn, quarter-sawn, and rift-sawn. The timber is cut to the desired dimensions and either packed unfinished for a site-finished installation or finished at the factory.
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Graf Brothers Flooring and Lumber specializes in, and is the world's largest manufacturer of, rift and quarter sawn oak products. [3] Rift & Quartered lumber results from a unique way of sawing that maximizes the yield of lumber with vertical grain. Vertical grain is preferred because of its excellent technical properties.