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Salix herbacea, the dwarf willow, least willow or snowbed willow, is a species of tiny creeping willow (family Salicaceae) adapted to survive in harsh arctic and subarctic environments. Distributed widely in alpine and arctic environments around the North Atlantic Ocean , it is one of the smallest woody plants .
The Arctic willow is a food source for several Arctic animals. Muskoxen, caribou, Arctic hares, and lemmings all feed on the bark and twigs, while the buds are the main food source of the rock ptarmigan. It is the primary host plant and food source for the Arctic woolly bear moth (Gynaephora groenlandica). [10]
Salix polaris, the polar willow, is a species of willow with a circumpolar distribution in the high arctic tundra, extending north to the limits of land, and south of the Arctic in the mountains of Norway, the northern Ural Mountains, the northern Altay Mountains, Kamchatka, and British Columbia, Canada. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Some willows (particularly arctic and alpine species) are low-growing or creeping shrubs; for example, the dwarf willow (Salix herbacea) rarely exceeds 6 centimetres (2 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) in height, though it spreads widely across the ground.
On the southern islands of the Arctic Archipelago patches of low-lying and dwarf versions of arctic deciduous and evergreen shrubs are identified. In certain regions - such as Nunavut, the Baffin Uplands and the Lancaster Plateaus - Arctic willow (Salix arctica), purple saxifrage (Saxifraga oppositifolia) and Kobresia simpliciuscula are
Eared Willow (Salix aurita; Ausytasis karklas) Downy Willow (Salix lapponum; Laplandinis karklas) Swamp Willow (Salix myrtilloides; Mėlynlapis karklas) Purple Willow (Salix purpurea; Purpurinis karklas) Creeping Willow (Salix repens; Gulsčiasis karklas) Rosemary-Leaved Willow (Salix rosmarinifolia; Pelkinis karklas)
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There are over 190 vascular plant species on the Norwegian Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. This figure does not include algae , mosses , and lichens , which are non-vascular plants . For an island so far north, this number of species constitutes an astonishing variety of plant life.
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