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In 1969, de Gaulle visited Brittany, during which, in Quimper, he declaimed a poem written by his uncle (also called Charles de Gaulle) in the Breton language, expressing devotion to Breton culture. The speech, well received by the crowd, followed a series of crackdowns on Breton nationalism.
One of de Gaulle's grandsons, also named Charles de Gaulle, was a member of the European Parliament from 1994 to 2004, his last tenure being for the far-right National Front. [188] The younger Charles de Gaulle's move to the anti-Gaullist National Front was widely condemned by other family members.
Charles de Gaulle's eventual support for Algerian independence alienated much of the right, [3] Far-right former supporters, such as Pierre Lagaillarde and Guy Forzy, founded the clandestine terrorist organization Organisation armée secrète (OAS) following the Week of the Barricades, advocating a continued French presence in Algeria.
Charles de Gaulle in his military uniform c. 1942. Gaullism (French: Gaullisme, ) is a French political stance based on the thought and action of World War II French Resistance leader Charles de Gaulle, who would become the founding President of the Fifth French Republic. [1]
The Almost Impossible Ally: Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle. (2006). 275 pp. IB Tauris, London, ISBN 978-1-85043-800-7 online; Newhouse, John. De Gaulle and the Anglo-Saxons (1970) O'Dwyer, Graham. Charles de Gaulle, the International System, and the Existential Difference (Routledge, 2017). Pinder, John. Europe against De Gaulle (1963)
President Charles de Gaulle in 1961. A referendum on the method of the election of the president was held in France on 28 October 1962. [1] The question was whether to have the President of the French Republic elected by direct popular vote, rather than by an electoral college. It was approved by 62.3% of voters with a 77.0% turnout. [2]
Charlie Hebdo first appeared in 1970 after the monthly Hara-Kiri magazine was banned for mocking the death of former French president Charles de Gaulle. [14] In 1981, publication ceased, but the magazine was resurrected in 1992. The magazine is published every Wednesday, with special editions issued on an unscheduled basis.
The first amnesty was passed in 1962 by President Charles de Gaulle, by decree, preempting a parliamentary discussion that might have denied immunity to men like General Paul Aussaresses. [11] The second amnesty was enacted in 1968 by the National Assembly, which gave blanket amnesty to all acts committed during the Algerian war. [26]