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Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem), of which there are conventionally considered twelve pairs. Cranial nerves relay information between the brain and parts of the body, primarily to and from regions of the head and neck , including the special senses of vision , taste , smell , and hearing .
A major function: controls muscles for voice and resonance and the soft palate. Symptoms of damage: dysphagia (swallowing problems), velopharyngeal insufficiency. This nerve is involved (together with nerve IX) in the pharyngeal reflex or gag reflex. XI Accessory. Sometimes: cranial accessory, spinal accessory. Mainly motor Cranial and Spinal Roots
In the head and neck, cranial nerves carry somatosensory data. There are twelve cranial nerves, ten of which originate from the brainstem, and mainly control the functions of the anatomic structures of the head with some exceptions. One unique cranial nerve is the vagus nerve, which receives sensory information from organs in the thorax and ...
The oculomotor nerve, also known as the third cranial nerve, cranial nerve III, or simply CN III, is a cranial nerve that enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure and innervates extraocular muscles that enable most movements of the eye and that raise the eyelid.
Pontine cranial nerve nuclei. Chief or pontine nucleus of the trigeminal nerve sensory nucleus (V) Motor nucleus for the trigeminal nerve (V) Abducens nucleus (VI) Facial nerve nucleus (VII) Vestibulocochlear nuclei (vestibular nuclei and cochlear nuclei) (VIII) Superior salivatory nucleus; Pontine tegmentum. Pontine micturition center ...
The cranial cavity has a variety of spinal and cranial nerves residing in it. The cranial nerves are responsible for storing sensory information needed for taste, smell, sight and the ability to hear. The spinal nerves allow for the sensory and motor signals to be received, which provide a normal feeling and function for the arms and legs.
Functions of these four cranial nerves (V-VIII) include regulation of respiration, control of involuntary actions, sensory roles in hearing, equilibrium, and taste, and in facial sensations such as touch and pain, as well as motor roles in eye movement, facial expressions, chewing, swallowing, and the secretion of saliva and tears. [2]
Cranial nerves: They are the nerve fibers that carry information into and out of the brain stem. [4] They include smell, eye muscles, mouth, taste, ear, neck, shoulders, and tongue. [6] Partially innervating the head and neck structures are the cranial nerves, which supply afferent and efferent functions.