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Fundus of geographic atrophy. Geographic atrophy (GA), also known as atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or advanced dry AMD, is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration that can result in the progressive and irreversible loss of retinal tissue (photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, choriocapillaris) which can lead to a loss of central vision over time.
In advanced stages of AMD, atrophy of the RPE (geographic atrophy) and/or development of new blood vessels (neovascularization) result in the death of photoreceptors and central vision loss. [citation needed] In the dry (nonexudative) form, drusen accumulates between the retina and the choroid, causing atrophy and scarring to the retina. In the ...
[8] [9] [11] In February 2023, the indication was updated to include the treatment of people with geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration. [ 10 ] [ 20 ] The medication is given through a subcutaneous infusion for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and through intravitreal injection for age-related macular degeneration.
Recently, central serous chorioretinopathy has been understood to be part of the pachychoroid spectrum. [5] [6] In pachychoroid spectrum disorders, of which CSR represents stage II, the choroid, the highly vascularized layer below the retina, is thickened and congested with increased blood vessel diameter, especially in the deep choroid (the so-called Haller's layer).
Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc)(also known as Levine-Critchley syndrome, acanthocytosis with neurologic disorder, neuroacanthocytosis, and choreoacanthocytosis) [53] is a rare hereditary disease caused by a mutation of the gene that directs structural proteins in red blood cells. It belongs to a group of four diseases characterized as ...
The scientists discovered that people who had smaller temporalis muscles had a 60 percent higher chance of developing Alzheimer’s disease or dementia. A smaller temporalis muscle size was also ...
NAION is characterized by localized disruptions in blood flow to the optic nerve, often linked with broader systemic vascular conditions. Key risk factors include coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, sleep apnea, diabetes, and hypertension. Currently, there is no universally accepted, scientifically proven treatment for NAION.
The soon-to-be first lady and former fashion model Melania Trump is no stranger to turning heads with her fashion choices.