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Pope Benedict XVI (Latin: Benedictus PP. XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger, German: [ˈjoːzɛf ˈʔaːlɔɪ̯s ˈʁat͡sɪŋɐ]; 16 April 1927 – 31 December 2022) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 19 April 2005 until his resignation on 28 February 2013.
The Rise of Benedict XVI: The inside story of how the pope was elected and where it will take the Catholic Church. Doubleday Religion. ISBN 0-385-51320-8. Greeley, Andrew M. (2005). The Making of the Pope: 2005. Brown, Little. ISBN 0-316-86149-9. Weigel, George (2005). God's Choice: Pope Benedict XVI and the Future of the Catholic Church ...
The cardinal electors entered the Sistine Chapel to begin the conclave on 18 April 2005. [7] On 19 April, after four ballots over two days, they elected Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, who took the papal name Benedict XVI. [8]
All members have militaries, except for Iceland, which does not have a typical army (but it does have a coast guard and a small unit of civilian specialists for NATO operations). Three of NATO's members are nuclear weapons states: France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. NATO has 12 original founding member states.
Benedict XVI, the former pope who upended centuries of tradition by resigning as pontiff, has died at 95. ... Ratzinger saw their disrespect and unruliness as part and parcel of a general societal ...
On 11 February 2013, Benedict XVI announced his resignation from the papacy effective 28 February 2013 at 20:00 local time (19:00 UTC). [2] [3] [4] He was the first pope to resign since Gregory XII in 1415, [5] and the first to do so of his own volition since Celestine V in 1294. [6] [7]
Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, the German theologian who will be remembered as the first pope in 600 years to resign, has died, the Vatican announced Saturday. He was 95. (AP Photo/Pier Paolo Cito, File)
When Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger became Pope Benedict XVI and was thrust into the footsteps of his beloved and charismatic predecessor, he said he felt a guillotine had come down on him. The Vatican ...