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  2. Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat's_theorem_on_sums_of...

    For the avoidance of ambiguity, zero will always be a valid possible constituent of "sums of two squares", so for example every square of an integer is trivially expressible as the sum of two squares by setting one of them to be zero. 1. The product of two numbers, each of which is a sum of two squares, is itself a sum of two squares.

  3. Sum of two squares theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum_of_two_squares_theorem

    The numbers that can be represented as the sums of two squares form the integer sequence [2]. 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 13, 16, 17, 18, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, ... They ...

  4. Sum of squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum_of_squares

    Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares says which primes are sums of two squares. The sum of two squares theorem generalizes Fermat's theorem to specify which composite numbers are the sums of two squares. Pythagorean triples are sets of three integers such that the sum of the squares of the first two equals the square of the third.

  5. Pythagorean prime - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_prime

    The sum of one odd square and one even square is congruent to 1 mod 4, but there exist composite numbers such as 21 that are 1 mod 4 and yet cannot be represented as sums of two squares. Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares states that the prime numbers that can be represented as sums of two squares are exactly 2 and the odd primes congruent ...

  6. Diophantus II.VIII - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diophantus_II.VIII

    To divide a given square into a sum of two squares. To divide 16 into a sum of two squares. Let the first summand be , and thus the second . The latter is to be a square. I form the square of the difference of an arbitrary multiple of x diminished by the root [of] 16, that is, diminished by 4. I form, for example, the square of 2x − 4.

  7. Hurwitz problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurwitz_problem

    The problem is uninteresting for K of characteristic 2, since over such fields every sum of squares is a square, and we exclude this case. It is believed that otherwise admissibility is independent of the field of definition. [1]: 137

  8. Sum of squares function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum_of_squares_function

    The number of ways to write a natural number as sum of two squares is given by r 2 (n).It is given explicitly by = (() ())where d 1 (n) is the number of divisors of n which are congruent to 1 modulo 4 and d 3 (n) is the number of divisors of n which are congruent to 3 modulo 4.

  9. Legendre's three-square theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre's_three-square...

    Pierre de Fermat gave a criterion for numbers of the form 8a + 1 and 8a + 3 to be sums of a square plus twice another square, but did not provide a proof. [1] N. Beguelin noticed in 1774 [ 2 ] that every positive integer which is neither of the form 8 n + 7, nor of the form 4 n , is the sum of three squares, but did not provide a satisfactory ...

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