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Aromatic amines are chemicals that are produced when products such as dyes, polyurethane products, and certain pesticides are made. They are also found in cigarette smoke, fuel exhaust, and in overcooked, burned meat. The three types of aromatic amines, monocyclic, polycyclic, and heterocyclic, have all been found in recent studies of breast ...
AIs inhibit the enzyme aromatase that converts testosterone to estrogen and that is used clinically in treatments of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Currently, two types of NSAIs are used for breast cancer, anastrozole and letrozole. They are used as first-line therapy in metastatic breast cancer and also in adjuvant treatment. [1]
Nitroglycerin is an example that gives a positive Ames yet is still used in treatment today. Nitrates in food however may be reduced by bacterial action to nitrites which are known to generate carcinogens by reacting with amines and amides. Long toxicology and outcome studies are needed with such compounds to disprove a positive Ames test.
1-Naphthylamine is an aromatic amine derived from naphthalene. It can cause bladder cancer (transitional cell carcinoma). It crystallizes in colorless needles which melt at 50 °C. It possesses a disagreeable odor, sublimes readily, and turns brown on exposure to air. It is the precursor to a variety of dyes. [2]
4,4′-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (also known as MOCA, MBOCA, and bisamine) is a substance used as a curing agent in polyurethane production. [3] MOCA is an aromatic amine which is structurally similar to benzidine, a known human bladder carcinogen.
The consequences of overdiagnosis and overtreatment resulting from cancer screening can lead to a decline in quality of life, due to the adverse effects of unnecessary medication and hospitalization. [10] [12] [13] The accuracy of a cancer screening test relies on its sensitivity, and low sensitivity screening tests can overlook cancers. [10]
Chlornaphazine, a derivative of 2-naphthylamine, is a nitrogen mustard that was developed in the 1950s for the treatment of polycythemia and Hodgkin's disease. [1] However, a high incidence of bladder cancers in patients receiving treatment with chlornaphthazine led to use of the drug being discontinued.
Also in China an increased incidence of bladder cancer among farm workers exposed to chlordimeform has been reported in 1990. [ 11 ] In 1992 Popp, Norpoth et al. found seven persons suffering from bladder cancer among 49 workers involved in the synthesis of chlordimeform from 4-COT in another German plant.
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