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DNA consists of two long polymers of monomer units called nucleotides, with backbones made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds. These two strands are oriented in opposite directions to each other and are, therefore, antiparallel. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of molecules called nucleobases (informally, bases).
The two DNA strands are known as polynucleotides as they are composed of simpler monomeric units called nucleotides. [2] [3] Each nucleotide is composed of one of four nitrogen-containing nucleobases (cytosine [C], guanine [G], adenine [A] or thymine [T]), a sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group.
Glycol nucleic acid (left) is an example of a xeno nucleic acid because it has a different backbone than DNA (right). Xenonucleic acids (XNA) are synthetic nucleic acid analogues that are made up of non-natural components such as alternative nucleosides, sugars, or backbones. [1] [2] Xenonucleic acids have different properties to endogenous ...
Graphic representation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur. CHNOPS and CHON are mnemonic acronyms for the most common elements in living organisms. . "CHON" stands for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which together make up more than 95 percent of the mass of biological system
DNA is a polynucleotide as it is composed of simpler monomeric units called nucleotides; when double-stranded, the two chains coil around each other to form a double helix. [7] [8] In natural DNA, each nucleotide is composed of one of four nucleobases (cytosine [C], guanine [G], adenine [A] or thymine [T]), a sugar called deoxyribose, and a ...
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One of the strongest evidences for common descent comes from gene sequences. Comparative sequence analysis examines the relationship between the DNA sequences of different species, [1] producing several lines of evidence that confirm Darwin's original hypothesis of common descent.
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