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Political beliefs and religious beliefs in the United States are closely intertwined, with both affecting the other. [186] [187] Highly educated Americans are more likely to be liberal. In 2015, 44% of Americans with college degrees identified as liberal, while 29% identified as conservative.
The conservative Presbyterian biblical scholar J. Gresham Machen criticized what he termed "naturalistic liberalism" in his 1923 book, Christianity and Liberalism, in which he intended to show that "despite the liberal use of traditional phraseology modern liberalism not only is a different religion from Christianity but belongs in a totally ...
Liberal conservatives also support civil liberties, along with some socially conservative positions. They differ on social issues, with some being socially conservative and others socially liberal, though all liberal conservatives broadly support the rule of law regarding civil rights, social equality and the environment.
Seeking a more positive definition, the Conservative Political Action Conference, or CPAC, defines conservatism as "the political philosophy that sovereignty resides in the person.
As Blinkhorn argues, the liberal themes were ascendant in terms of "cultural pluralism, religious and ethnic toleration, national self-determination, free market economics, representative and responsible government, free trade, unionism, and the peaceful settlement of international disputes through a new body, the League of Nations".
According to a 2025 Gallup poll, 37% of American voters identify as "conservative" or "very conservative", 34% as "moderate", and 25% as "liberal" or "very liberal". [165] These percentages were fairly constant from 1990 to 2009, [ 166 ] when conservatism spiked in popularity briefly, [ 167 ] before reverting to the original trend, while ...
Liberalism can mean different things in different contexts, being sometimes on the left (social liberalism) and other times on the right (conservative liberalism or classical liberalism). Those with an intermediate outlook are sometimes classified as centrists.
Religious stances on democracy and liberalism vary and can change. [101] The Catholic Church opposed liberal democracy until 1965, when Second Vatican Council endorsed religious freedom. [101] Religious democracy, which prioritizes non-liberal religious values over liberal values, has been criticized for not being a liberal democracy. [102]