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Glipizide, sold under the brand name Glucotrol among others, is an anti-diabetic medication of the sulfonylurea class used to treat type 2 diabetes. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is used together with a diabetic diet and exercise.
Inhibition of these enzyme systems reduces the rate of digestion of carbohydrates. Less glucose is absorbed because the carbohydrates are not broken down into glucose molecules. In diabetic patients, the short-term effect of these drugs therapies is to decrease current blood glucose levels: the long-term effect is a small reduction in ...
Glimepiride is an antidiabetic medication within the sulfonylurea class, primarily prescribed for the management of type 2 diabetes. [1] [2] It is regarded as a second-line option compared to metformin, due to metformin's well-established safety and efficacy. [1]
Pioglitazone makes cells (fat, muscle and liver) more sensitive to insulin, which means that the body makes better use of the insulin it produces. [1] Glimepiride is a sulphonylurea: it stimulates the pancreas to produce more insulin. [ 1 ]
Pleiotropic effects of this class have been attributed to a variety of its pharmacodynamic actions such as natriuresis, hemoconcentration, deactivation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, ketone body formation, alterations in energy homeostasis, glycosuria, lipolysis, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidative actions. [60] [3]
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Insulins are typically characterized by the rate at which they are metabolized by the body, yielding different peak times and durations of action. [4] Faster-acting insulins peak quickly and are subsequently metabolized, while longer-acting insulins tend to have extended peak times and remain active in the body for more significant periods.
Diabetes affects the blood vessels in the body, such as capillaries and arteries, which are the routes blood take to deliver nutrients and oxygen to the organs in the body. [4] By affecting the blood flow, diabetes increases the risk of other conditions such as strokes and heart disease (heart attacks). [2]