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Statue of Patañjali, its traditional snake form indicating kundalini or an incarnation of Shesha. The Yoga Sutras of Patañjali (IAST: Patañjali yoga-sūtras) is a collection of Sanskrit sutras on the theory and practice of yoga – 195 sutras (according to Vyāsa and Krishnamacharya) and 196 sutras (according to others, including BKS Iyengar).
Pratyahara [1] [2] (Sanskrit: प्रत्याहार, romanized: Pratyāhāra) or the 'gathering towards' is the fifth element among the Eight stages of Patanjali's Ashtanga Yoga, [3] as mentioned in his classical work, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali composed in the 2nd century BCE. [4]
GN Jha (1907), The Yoga-darsana: The sutras of Patanjali with the Bhasya of Vyasa with notes; Harvard University Archives; Charles Johnston (1912), The Yogasutras of Patanjali; I.K. Taimni (1961), The Science of Yoga: The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali; Chip Hartranft (2003), The Yoga-Sûtra of Patañjali. Sanskrit-English Translation & Glossary (86 ...
A "fourth yoga" is sometimes added, Raja Yoga or "the Path of Meditation". This is the classical Yoga presented in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. Patanjali's system came to be known as Raja Yoga (Royal Yoga) retro-actively, in about the 15th century, as the term Yoga had become popular for the general concept of a "religious path".
Among other things, the text discusses Yoga philosophy in its various chapters. In section 6.1, Yoga Vasistha introduces Yoga as follows, [100] Yoga is the utter transcendence of the mind and is of two types. Self-knowledge is one type, another is the restraint of the life-force of self limitations and psychological conditioning.
The yoga scholars James Mallinson and Mark Singleton write that "pure breath-retention" [15] (without inhalation or exhalation) is the ultimate pranayama practice in later hatha yoga texts. They give as an example the account in the c. 13th century Dattātreyayogaśāstra of kevala kumbhaka (breath retention unaccompanied by breathing).
An asana is a body posture, used in both medieval hatha yoga and modern yoga. [1] The term is derived from the Sanskrit word for 'seat'. While many of the oldest mentioned asanas are indeed seated postures for meditation , asanas may be standing , seated, arm-balances, twists, inversions, forward bends, backbends , or reclining in prone or ...
Larson says that the Yoga Sutras pursue an altered state of awareness from Abhidharma Buddhism's nirodhasamadhi; unlike Buddhism's "no self or soul", however, yoga (like Samkhya) believes that each individual has a self. [175] The third concept which the Yoga Sutras synthesize is the ascetic tradition of meditation and introspection. [175]