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Hazelwood School District et al. v. Kuhlmeier et al., 484 U.S. 260 (1988), was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States which held, in a 5–3 decision, that student speech in a school-sponsored student newspaper at a public high school could be censored by school officials without a violation of First Amendment rights if the school's actions were "reasonably related" to a ...
Accordingly, for other on-campus speech that is neither obscene, vulgar, lewd, indecent, or plainly offensive under Fraser nor school-sponsored under Hazelwood nor advocating illegal drugs at a school-sponsored event under Frederick, Tinker applies limiting the authority of schools to regulate the speech, whether on or off-campus, unless it ...
The Hazelwood School district was involved in Hazelwood School District v.Kuhlmeier, a 1988 landmark U.S. Supreme Court case which ruled that public school curricular student newspapers that have not been established as forums for student expression are subject to a lower level of First Amendment protection than independent student expression or newspapers established (by policy or practice ...
The Court decided that student newspapers were never meant to be public forums and as a result, administrators began to regulate high school and college periodicals. [3] In response to the Supreme Court's decision on the Hazelwood, several states have enacted legislation to counteract the ruling and protect school publications from interference ...
In 1969, the Hazelwood School District in Missouri hired its first black teacher, and continued hiring black teachers ever since. In 1972, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was amended to apply to public employers, including school districts, making the hiring of black teachers almost a necessity in order to avoid liability.
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“Check & Mate” (2023): Hazelwood’s young adult novel is about two competing chess players – Mallory, who is playing one last game before she hangs up her pawns for good, and Nolan, the ...
Schools also cannot punish students for speech that takes place outside of school and is unrelated to school. [50] Schools may censor content in school projects, such as student publications, as found in the 1988 case Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier. [51] Students also retain Fourth Amendment rights while in school.