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In drainage research the collection and analysis of field data is important. [5] In dealing with field data one must expect considerable random variation owing to the large number of natural processes involved and the large variability of plant and soil properties and hydrological conditions.
Practically, wheat does not require irrigation because it develops deeper roots while during the maturing period a dry soil is favorable. The analysis of cumulative frequency [6] of climatic data plays an important role in the determination of the irrigation and drainage needs in the long run.
The subsurface field drainage systems consist of horizontal or slightly sloping channels made in the soil; they can be open ditches, trenches, filled with brushwood and a soil cap, filled with stones and a soil cap, buried pipe drains, tile drains, or mole drains, but they can also consist of a series of wells.
Improving soil drainage is a balancing act requiring consideration of soil composition and compaction, and may take a number of approaches to improve.
Soil temperature is important for the survival and early growth of seedlings. [92] Soil temperatures affect the anatomical and morphological character of root systems. [93] All physical, chemical, and biological processes in soil and roots are affected in particular because of the increased viscosities of water and protoplasm at low ...
In addition, land drainage can help with soil salinity control. The soil's hydraulic conductivity plays an important role in drainage design. The development of agricultural drainage criteria [3] is required to give the designer and manager of the drainage system a target to achieve in terms of maintenance of an optimum depth of the water table.
In soil science, soil gradation is a classification of a coarse-grained soil that ranks the soil based on the different particle sizes contained in the soil. [1] Soil gradation is an important aspect of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering because it is an indicator of other engineering properties such as compressibility , shear strength ...
The primary method of controlling soil salinity is to permit 10–20% of the irrigation water to leach the soil, so that it will be drained and discharged through an appropriate drainage system. The salt concentration of the drainage water is normally 5 to 10 times higher than that of the irrigation water which meant that salt export will more ...