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  2. Monohybrid cross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monohybrid_cross

    All the haploid sperm and eggs produced by meiosis received one chromosome. All the zygotes received one R allele (from the round seed parent) and one r allele (from the wrinkled seed parent). Because the R allele is dominant to the r allele, the phenotype of all the seeds was round. The phenotypic ratio in this case of Monohybrid cross is 1.

  3. Punnett square - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punnett_square

    The forked-line method (also known as the tree method and the branching system) can also solve dihybrid and multi-hybrid crosses. A problem is converted to a series of monohybrid crosses, and the results are combined in a tree. However, a tree produces the same result as a Punnett square in less time and with more clarity.

  4. Test cross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_cross

    Monohybrid, also called “single gene test cross”, is used to observe how homozygous offspring express heterozygous genotypes inherited from their parents. The implantation of monohybrid crossing includes signifying the alleles by using characters – recessive allele often is indicated with a lower-case letter, and the dominant allele is ...

  5. List of unsolved problems in chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

    Protein folding problem: Is it possible to predict the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of a polypeptide sequence based solely on the sequence and environmental information? Inverse protein-folding problem: Is it possible to design a polypeptide sequence which will adopt a given structure under certain environmental conditions?

  6. Millennium Prize Problems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium_Prize_Problems

    The Clay Mathematics Institute officially designated the title Millennium Problem for the seven unsolved mathematical problems, the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, Hodge conjecture, Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness, P versus NP problem, Riemann hypothesis, Yang–Mills existence and mass gap, and the Poincaré conjecture at the ...

  7. Lethal allele - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethal_allele

    Punnett square for the agouti gene in mice, demonstrating a recessive lethal allele. [2]Lethal alleles were first discovered by Lucien Cuénot in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat colour in mice.

  8. Wahba's problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahba's_problem

    Several methods for solving Wahba's problem are discussed by Markley and Mortari. This is an alternative formulation of the Orthogonal Procrustes problem (consider all the vectors multiplied by the square-roots of the corresponding weights as columns of two matrices with N columns to obtain the

  9. Genetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 27 February 2025. Science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms This article is about the general scientific term. For the scientific journal, see Genetics (journal). For a more accessible and less technical introduction to this topic, see Introduction to genetics. For the Meghan Trainor ...