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In econometrics and statistics, the generalized method of moments (GMM) is a generic method for estimating parameters in statistical models.Usually it is applied in the context of semiparametric models, where the parameter of interest is finite-dimensional, whereas the full shape of the data's distribution function may not be known, and therefore maximum likelihood estimation is not applicable.
The EM algorithm consists of two steps: the E-step and the M-step. Firstly, the model parameters and the () can be randomly initialized. In the E-step, the algorithm tries to guess the value of () based on the parameters, while in the M-step, the algorithm updates the value of the model parameters based on the guess of () of the E-step.
To estimate parameters of a conditional moment model, the statistician can derive an expectation function (defining "moment conditions") and use the generalized method of moments (GMM). However, there are infinitely many moment conditions that can be generated from a single model; optimal instruments provide the most efficient moment conditions.
In statistics, the method of moments is a method of estimation of population parameters. The same principle is used to derive higher moments like skewness and kurtosis. It starts by expressing the population moments (i.e., the expected values of powers of the random variable under consideration) as functions of the parameters of interest. Those ...
In statistics, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) is used to estimate the parameters of a generalized linear model with a possible unmeasured correlation between observations from different timepoints. [1] [2]
For any non-linear model (for instance logit and probit models), however, heteroskedasticity has more severe consequences: the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters will be biased (in an unknown direction), as well as inconsistent (unless the likelihood function is modified to correctly take into account the precise form of ...
In econometrics, the Arellano–Bond estimator is a generalized method of moments estimator used to estimate dynamic models of panel data.It was proposed in 1991 by Manuel Arellano and Stephen Bond, [1] based on the earlier work by Alok Bhargava and John Denis Sargan in 1983, for addressing certain endogeneity problems. [2]
In statistics, the method of estimating equations is a way of specifying how the parameters of a statistical model should be estimated. This can be thought of as a generalisation of many classical methods—the method of moments , least squares , and maximum likelihood —as well as some recent methods like M-estimators .