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King Kamehameha II. The history of Kānaka Maoli, like the history of Hawaii, is commonly broken into four major periods: . the pre-unification period (before c. 1800); the unified monarchy and republic period (c. 1800 to 1898)
The Hawaiian monarchy encouraged this multi-ethnic society, initially establishing a constitutional monarchy in 1840 that promised equal voting rights regardless of race, gender, or wealth. [7] [8] [9] The population of Native Hawaiians declined precipitously from an unknown number prior to 1778 (estimated to be around 300,000).
The Native Hawaiian population was reduced to 20% of the total due to disease, inter-marriage and migration. [19] The diseases spread from outside Hawaii such as smallpox, cholera, influenza, and gonorrhea. Unlike Europeans, Hawaiians had no history with these diseases and their immune systems were unprepared to fight them. [20]
The ancient Hawaiians had the ahupuaʻa as their source of water management. Each ahupuaʻa was a sub-division of land from the mountain to the sea. The Hawaiians used the water from the rain that ran through the mountains as a form of irrigation. Hawaiians also settled around these parts of the land because of the farming that was done. [33]
By 1840, only 62 years after Cook brought the first diseases, the number of Native Hawaiians may have fallen by up to 84%. [3] The U.S. Census of 1920 declared that there were only 24,000 Native Hawaiians — a number down from hundreds of thousands. [1] [3] As of 2015, only 26% of Hawaii residents have Hawaiian ancestry. [3]
In 2011, a governor appointed committee began to gather and verify names of Native Hawaiians for the purpose of voting on a Native Hawaiian nation. [12] In June 2014, the US Department of the Interior announced plans to hold hearings to establish the possibility of federal recognition of Native Hawaiians as an Indian tribe. [13] [14]
Haleakalā is steeped in Native Hawaiian history and culture. “Native Hawaiians have lived on and mālama (cared for) the land for over 1,000 years,” according to the park, which notes that ...
Hawaiian religion refers to the indigenous religious beliefs and practices of native Hawaiians, also known as the kapu system. Hawaiian religion is based largely on the tapu religion common in Polynesia and likely originated among the Tahitians and other Pacific islanders who landed in Hawaiʻi between 500 and 1300 AD. [ 1 ]