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Secular courts in medieval times were numerous and decentralized: each secular division (king, prince, duke, lord, abbot or bishop as landholder, manor, [1] city, forest, market, etc.) could have their own courts, customary law, bailiffs and gaols [a] with arbitrary and unrecorded procedures, including in Northern Europe trial by combat and trial by ordeal, and in England trial by jury.
Acta Curiae (Latin meaning "acts of court"), are records of the proceedings in ecclesiastical courts and in quasi-ecclesiastical courts, particularly of universities. They are sometimes also known as Registers of the Chancellor's (or Vice-Chancellor's) Court.
the Court of Cassation (Corte di Cassazione, Curia Cassationis), which has three members and is the supreme court of the Vatican City State Justice is exercised in the name of the Supreme Pontiff . In March 2020, it was announced that Pope Francis signed a new motu proprio into law on March 13, 2020, which reforms the Vatican's judicial system.
The two other Tribunals located there are the Sacred Roman Rota (which is normally the final appellate tribunal of the church for most court cases, especially regarding marriage nullity and ecclesiastical trials and disciplinary procedures), and the Apostolic Penitentiary (which is a tribunal of mercy concerning the forgiveness of sins reserved ...
The Court of Ecclesiastical Causes Reserved was created in 1963 with appellate jurisdiction in matters of doctrine, ritual or ceremonial. Complaints against priests or deacons may be vetoed by their bishop and those against a bishop by the appropriate archbishop. Before a case is heard, a preliminary enquiry by a committee decides whether there ...
Consistory is the anglicized form of the consistorium, a council of the closest advisors of the Roman emperors. It can also refer to: A papal consistory, a formal meeting of the Sacred College of Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church; Consistory court, a type of ecclesiastical court in the Church of England in the United Kingdom
Clegg credits the criticism to the courts "extension of its authority as an ecclesiastical court of appeal into judicial matters that arguably belonged within the jurisdiction of the common law." [5] The Court of High Commission would see to matters of matrimony and the separation of couples. As noted by Eric Josef Carlson, "As early as 1566 ...
The official body appointed by the qualified ecclesiastical authority for the administration of justice is called a court (judicium ecclesiasticum, tribunal, auditorium) Every such ecclesiastical court consists at the least of two sworn officials: the ecclesiastical judge who gives the decision and the clerk of the court (scriba, secretarius, scriniarius, notarius, cancellarius), whose duty is ...