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Autism, or autism spectrum disorder [a] (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive, restricted, and inflexible patterns of behavior, interests, and activities; deficits in social communication and social interaction; and the presence of high or low sensory sensitivity.
There is a significant level of misdiagnosis of autism in neurodevelopmentally typical children; 18–37% of children diagnosed with ASD eventually lose their diagnosis. This high rate of lost diagnosis cannot be accounted for by successful ASD treatment alone.
For ASD other than autism the association is much weaker: the same study reported typical levels of intelligence in about 94% of 53 children with PDD-NOS. [49] Estimates are that 40–69% of individuals with ASD have some degree of an intellectual disability, [ 31 ] with females more likely to be in severe range of an intellectual disability.
Gavin Bollard always considered himself to be "different" from other kids growing up. For many years, he says, he put it down to being deaf. "My best friend in my primary school years was also ...
High-functioning autism (HFA) was historically an autism classification to describe a person who exhibited no intellectual disability but otherwise showed autistic traits, such as difficulty in social interaction and communication, as well as repetitive, restricted patterns of behavior. The term is often applied to autistic people who are ...
Learning is different for each student, which is the same for students with autism. To assist in learning, accommodations are commonly put into place for students with differing abilities. The existing schema of these students works in different ways and can be adjusted to best support the educational development for each student. [31]
Syndromic autism represents about 25% of the total ASD cases. [4] [5] In most [quantify] cases, its etiology is known. [2] [4] Monogenic disorders are one of the causes of syndromic autism, which in this case are also known as monogenic autism spectrum disorders. They account for about 5% of the total ASD cases.
Consequently, any changes in folate levels or folate metabolism could significantly impact DNA methylation and contribute to what causes autism. This idea is what makes folate pathways a potential predictor of ASD because genetic polymorphisms of the folate pathway could have different effects on DNA methylation.
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