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  2. Read-only memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory

    For example, users modifying or replacing the Android operating system describe files containing a modified or replacement operating system as "custom ROMs" after the type of storage the file used to be written to, and they may distinguish between ROM (where software and data is stored, usually Flash memory) and RAM. ROM and RAM are essential ...

  3. Boot ROM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot_ROM

    When a system on a chip (SoC) enters suspend to RAM mode, in many cases, the processor is completely off while the RAM is put in self refresh mode. At resume, the boot ROM is executed again and many boot ROMs are able to detect that the SoC was in suspend to RAM and can resume by jumping directly to the kernel which then takes care of powering on again the peripherals which were off and ...

  4. BIOS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS

    An additional advantage of ROM on some early PC systems (notably including the IBM PCjr) was that ROM was faster than main system RAM. (On modern systems, the case is very much the reverse of this, and BIOS ROM code is usually copied ("shadowed") into RAM so it will run faster.)

  5. Power-on self-test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-on_self-test

    No RAM installed/detected Three successive tones followed by a repeating five-second pause: Incompatible RAM types; No good banks One long tone while the power button is held down: EFI ROM update in progress (For Macs made until 2012) Three long tones, three short tones, three long tones: EFI ROM corruption detected, ROM recovery in process

  6. Firmware - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmware

    Firmware hacks usually take advantage of the firmware update facility on many devices to install or run themselves. Some, however, must resort to exploits to run, because the manufacturer has attempted to lock the hardware to stop it from running unlicensed code. Most firmware hacks are free software.

  7. Random-access memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random-access_memory

    Software can "partition" a portion of a computer's RAM, allowing it to act as a much faster hard drive that is called a RAM disk. A RAM disk loses the stored data when the computer is shut down, unless memory is arranged to have a standby battery source, or changes to the RAM disk are written out to a nonvolatile disk.

  8. Semiconductor memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_memory

    RAM (Random-access memory) – This has become a generic term for any semiconductor memory that can be written to, as well as read from, in contrast to ROM (below), which can only be read. All semiconductor memory, not just RAM, has the property of random access .

  9. Option ROM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Option_ROM

    An option ROM for the PC platform (i.e. the IBM PC and derived successor computer systems) is a piece of firmware that resides in ROM on an expansion card (or stored along with the main system BIOS), which gets executed to initialize the device and (optionally) add support for the device to the BIOS.