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Webpage with program to calculate Distance & Bearing; Calculate distance and bearing between two Latitude/Longitude points and much more; See the end point on a map when you specify a start point, a bearing and a distance. More understandable definitions from an online classroom
The haversine formula determines the great-circle distance between two points on a sphere given their longitudes and latitudes.Important in navigation, it is a special case of a more general formula in spherical trigonometry, the law of haversines, that relates the sides and angles of spherical triangles.
A diagram illustrating great-circle distance (drawn in red) between two points on a sphere, P and Q. Two antipodal points, u and v are also shown. The great-circle distance, orthodromic distance, or spherical distance is the distance between two points on a sphere, measured along the great-circle arc between them. This arc is the shortest path ...
Figure 2. The great circle path between a node (an equator crossing) and an arbitrary point (φ,λ). Finally, calculate the position and azimuth at an arbitrary point, P (see Fig. 2), by the spherical version of the direct geodesic problem. [note 5] Napier's rules give .
It approximates the arc length, , to the tunnel distance, , or omits the conversion between arc and chord lengths shown below. The shortest distance between two points in plane is a Cartesian straight line. The Pythagorean theorem is used to calculate the distance between points in a plane.
Vincenty's formulae are two related iterative methods used in geodesy to calculate the distance between two points on the surface of a spheroid, developed by Thaddeus Vincenty (1975a). They are based on the assumption that the figure of the Earth is an oblate spheroid, and hence are more accurate than methods that assume a spherical Earth, such ...
When two bodies with rough surfaces are pressed against each other, the true contact area formed between the two bodies, , is much smaller than the apparent or nominal contact area . The mechanics of contacting rough surfaces are discussed in terms of normal contact mechanics and static frictional interactions. [ 29 ]
When performing a resection (free stationing) with the total station, bearings and distances are measured to at least two known points of a control network. With use of a handheld computer , recorded data can be related to local polar coordinates , defined by the horizontal circle of the total station.