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Privateers attacking Spanish ships. The Atlantic World refers to the period between European colonization of the Americas (1492-) and the early nineteenth century. Piracy became prevalent in this era because of the difficulty of policing this vast area, the limited state control over many parts of the coast, and the competition between different European powers.
Wormeley, on the other hand, is said to have 'displayed the utmost cowardice.' [20] [26] It has been suggested that Fuenmayor's campaign contributed to Tortuga's transition from a quasi-plantation, quasi-pirate settlement to 'a true pirate stronghold,' as the campaign resulted in the removal of Providence Island's plantation-oriented oversight ...
These commissioners were chosen from naval and colonial officers who already contained a certain amount of bias towards the local pirates, instead of civilian judges. Pirates were given no representation in the new courts and were, therefore, often sentenced to hang. Between 1716 and 1726 approximately 400 to 600 pirates were executed. [25]
Disease then spread amongst the inhabitants with 3,000 out of the 10,000 succumbing over the following months. Panama however was never rebuilt, so a new settlement instead was to be built under the supervision of new Governor Antonio Fernández de Córdoba, in a location approximately 5 miles (8 km) southwest of the original in 1673. [10]
The pirates ran their affairs using what was called the pirate code, which was the basis of their claim that their rule of New Providence constituted a kind of republic. [13] According to the code, the pirates ran their ships democratically, sharing plunder equally and selecting and deposing their captains by popular vote. [14]
[1] Another ex-pirate trader named Edward Welch took over Baldridge's abandoned settlement and fortifications shortly afterwards, but without Philipse's backing had less success. [2] Some years later Dutch ex-pirate John Pro returned to St. Mary's and led a settlement there, trading with pirates and slavers until his death in 1719. [3]
The Spanish, who controlled the neighboring colonies, chased out the Baymen four times between 1717 and 1780. Treaties in 1783 and 1786 gave them more security. But it was only after the Battle of St. George's Caye in 1798 did the Baymen gain full control of the settlement. It was admitted to colonial status in 1863 in the United Kingdom.