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Species with an overall positive charge will be a cationic species. The sodium ion is an example of a cationic species and its formula is Na +. Species with an overall negative charge will be an anionic species. Chloride is an anionic species, and its formula is Cl −. [7] Radical species: Molecules or atoms with
In American science fiction of the 1950s and '60s, psionics was a proposed discipline that applied principles of engineering (especially electronics) to the study (and employment) of paranormal or psychic phenomena, such as extrasensory perception, telepathy and psychokinesis. [1]
Ψ, in biological terms, is a symbol used to represent water potential. Ψ, in astrology, is the symbol that represents Neptune. ... Introduction to psychology/Psy102 ...
Forming an ionic bond, Li and F become Li + and F − ions. An ion (/ ˈ aɪ. ɒ n,-ən /) [1] is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convention. The net charge ...
A fanning honeybee exposes Nasonov's gland (white – at tip of abdomen) releasing pheromone to entice swarm into an empty hive. A pheromone (from Ancient Greek φέρω (phérō) ' to bear ' and hormone) is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species.
The relative activity of a species i, denoted a i, is defined [4] [5] as: = where μ i is the (molar) chemical potential of the species i under the conditions of interest, μ o i is the (molar) chemical potential of that species under some defined set of standard conditions, R is the gas constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature and e is the exponential constant.
In general, in a group across the periodic table, the more basic the ion (the higher the pK a of the conjugate acid) the more reactive it is as a nucleophile. Within a series of nucleophiles with the same attacking element (e.g. oxygen), the order of nucleophilicity will follow basicity.
Thus, it is the partial derivative of the free energy with respect to the amount of the species, all other species' concentrations in the mixture remaining constant. When both temperature and pressure are held constant, and the number of particles is expressed in moles, the chemical potential is the partial molar Gibbs free energy .