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The First Amendment (Amendment I) to the United States Constitution prevents Congress from making laws respecting an establishment of religion; prohibiting the free exercise of religion; or abridging the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the freedom of assembly, or the right to petition the government for redress of grievances.
The only amendment to be ratified through this method thus far is the Twenty-first Amendment in 1933. That amendment is also the only one that explicitly repeals an earlier one, the Eighteenth Amendment (ratified in 1919), establishing the prohibition of alcohol.
Congress of the Confederation certifies that the new constitution has been duly ratified and sets date for first meeting of the new federal government and the presidential election. [56] [60] December 15, 1788 – January 10, 1789 • Presidential election held First quadrennial presidential election under the new Constitution is held. [61]
To date, the convention method of proposal has never been tried and the convention method of ratification has only been used once, for the Twenty-first Amendment. [ 126 ] A proposed amendment becomes an operative part of the Constitution as soon as it is ratified by three-fourths of the States (currently 38 of the 50 states).
But when the First Amendment was ratified in 1791, it did not apply to the states and would not until well into the 20th century. As a result, the First Amendment did not prevent states from paying churches out of the public treasury, as Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut, and South Carolina did when that amendment was ...
The Amendment was first proposed during the 110th Congress as House Joint Resolution 97 in July 2008, but no action was taken during that Congress. President Joe Biden proposed an amendment, known as the No One Is Above the Law Amendment, to supersede the 2024 Supreme Court decision Trump v.
In two Supreme Court cases this term, including one decided Wednesday, the justices rightly reaffirmed that speech by government officials violates the 1st Amendment only if it includes an ...
One Amendment, the Eighteenth, which criminalized the production, transport and sale of alcohol nationwide, was later repealed by another, the Twenty-first. Nine ratified amendments (11, [ 129 ] 12, [ 130 ] 13, [ 129 ] 14, [ 131 ] 16, [ 132 ] 17, [ 133 ] 20, [ 134 ] 22, [ 135 ] and 25 [ 136 ] ) have explicitly superseded or modified the text of ...