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Magnesium alloys are mixtures of magnesium (the lightest structural metal) with other metals (called an alloy), often aluminium, zinc, manganese, silicon, copper, rare earths and zirconium. Magnesium alloys have a hexagonal lattice structure, which affects the fundamental properties of these alloys.
A light metal is any metal of relatively low density. [1] These may be pure elements, but more commonly are metallic alloys. Lithium and then potassium are the two lightest metallic elements. Magnesium, aluminium and titanium alloys are light metals of significant commercial importance. [2]
Titanium alone is a strong, light metal. It is stronger than common, low-carbon steels, but 45% lighter. It is also twice as strong as weak aluminium alloys but only 60% heavier. Titanium has outstanding corrosion resistance to seawater, and thus is used in propeller shafts, rigging and other parts of boats that are exposed to seawater.
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It is a strong metal with low density that is quite ductile (especially in an oxygen-free environment), [11] lustrous, and metallic-white in color. [19] Due to its relatively high melting point (1,668 °C or 3,034 °F) it has sometimes been described as a refractory metal , but this is not the case. [ 20 ]
Antimony is used in antifriction alloys (such as Babbitt metal), [81] in bullets and lead shot, electrical cable sheathing, type metal (for example, for linotype printing machines [82]), solder (some "lead-free" solders contain 5% Sb), [83] in pewter, [84] and in hardening alloys with low tin content in the manufacturing of organ pipes.
It is the lightest solid known (0.16 mg/cm 3), conductive and elastic. [166] Phosphorus. The least stable and most reactive form of phosphorus is the white allotrope. It is a hazardous, highly flammable and toxic substance, spontaneously igniting in air and producing phosphoric acid residue. It is therefore normally stored under water.