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The main varieties of Kurdish are Kurmanji, Sorani, and Southern Kurdish (Xwarîn). The majority of the Kurds speak Kurmanji, [15] and most Kurdish texts are written in Kurmanji and Sorani. Kurmanji is written in the Hawar alphabet, a derivation of the Latin script, and Sorani is written in the Sorani alphabet, a derivation of the Arabic script.
Kurmanji may have potentially been a literary language from the 10th to the 12th century with the formation of many Kurdish dynasties such as the Hasanwayhids, Rawadids, Ayyubids and especially under the Marwanids who commanded sizeable economic and cultural prosperity. However, the language of Marwanid administration and culture life was ...
A Sorani Kurdish speaker, recorded in Norway.. Sorani Kurdish (Sorani Kurdish: کوردیی ناوەندی, Kurdî Nawendî), [3] [4] [5] also known as Central Kurdish, is a Kurdish dialect [6] [7] [8] or a language [9] [10] spoken in Iraq, mainly in Iraqi Kurdistan, as well as the provinces of Kurdistan, Kermanshah, and West Azerbaijan in western Iran.
In contrast to Kurmanji, literary works in Sorani were not abundant before the late 18th century and early 19th century. Although many poets Nalî have written in Sorani, [8] but it was only after him that Sorani became an important dialect in writing. [9] Nalî was the first poet to write a diwan in this dialect.
The Kurdistan newspaper established in 1898, prior to latinization, was written in the Kurmanji dialect using Arabic script.. Kurdish is written using either of two alphabets: the Latin-based Bedirxan or Hawar alphabet, introduced by Celadet Alî Bedirxan in 1932 and popularized through the Hawar magazine, and the Kurdo-Arabic alphabet.
The literary output in Kurdish was mostly confined to poetry until the early 20th century, when more general literature became developed. Today, the two principal written Kurdish dialects are Kurmanji and Sorani. Sorani is, along with Arabic, one of the two official languages of Iraq and is in political documents simply referred to as "Kurdish".
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Kurdish Wikipedia (Kurmanji Kurdish: Wîkîpediya kurdî, Sorani Kurdish: ویکیپیدیای کوردی) refers to two Wikipedia editions which are written in two forms of Kurdish language; Kurmanji and Sorani. The original one was founded in January 2004.